Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21885342›Full record

ReviewTrends in molecular medicine2011

Epigenetic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases.

Christian M Hedrich, George C Tsokos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in molecular medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Protein phosphatases in systemic autoimmunity.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Towards precision medicine for systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric manifestations.Expert review of precision medicine and drug development · 2025
    Article
  18. Lupus Nephritis Biomarkers: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Christian M HedrichDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. chedrich@bidmc.harvard.edu
George C Tsokos

Funding

LYMPHOCYTE SIGNALING DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH LUPUSR01AI042269 · NIAID · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI TSOKOS, GEORGE C · 1998 to 2017
$6.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI042269
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The pathogenic origin of autoimmune diseases can be traced to both genetic susceptibility and epigenetic modifications arising from exposure to the environment. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and alter cellular functions without modifying the genomic sequence. CpG-DNA methylation, histone tail modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the main epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases is essential for the introduction of effective, target-directed and tolerated therapies. In this review, we summarize recent findings that signify the importance of epigenetic modifications in autoimmune disorders while focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus. We also discuss future directions in basic research, autoimmune diagnostics and applied therapy.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationAnimalsChromatinDNA MethylationEnvironmental ExposureEpigenesis, GeneticGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHistonesHumansLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMiceMicroRNAsNucleosomesProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalSeverity of Illness IndexChromatinHistonesMicroRNAsNucleosomes

Identifiers

PMID21885342
PMCPMC3225699

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.