ArticleHuman mutation2011
Evidence of association of APOE with age-related macular degeneration: a pooled analysis of 15 studies.
Article in Human mutation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances in Proteomics-Based Approaches to Studying Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- HDL-cholesterol levels and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a multiethnic genetic study using Mendelian randomization.International journal of epidemiology · 2017Pooled it
- Association of C-Reactive Protein Genetic Polymorphisms With Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration.JAMA ophthalmology · 2017Pooled it
- A missense variant in CST3 exerts a recessive effect on susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration resembling its association with Alzheimer's disease.Human genetics · 2015Trial
- Apolipoprotein E2/2 (APOE2/2) Genotype Is Associated With Reduced Choroidal Thickness.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Parent-of-origin effects in Alzheimer's liability dissociate neurocognitive and cardiovascular traits in at-risk individuals.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Plasma Proteomic Analysis ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Flipping APOE to reverse Alzheimer's disease traits.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Molecular and genetic landscapes of retina and brain microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.Genome research · 2025Article
- Systemic and Local Lipids in Nonhuman Primates With Drusen and Age-Related Maculopathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a promising frontier in vision preservation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration: Shared and distinct immune mechanisms.Immunity · 2025Review
- APOE genotype confers context-dependent neurovascular vulnerability in immune-vascularized human forebrain organoids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Suppressing APOE4-induced neural pathologies by targeting the VHL-HIF axis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Pathological Involvement of Protein Phase Separation and Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Suppressing APOE4-induced mortality and cellular damage by targeting VHL.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Relationship of Hearing Loss to Parkinson's Disease, Dementia, and APOE Genotype in Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment in high-income countries. Previous studies report inconsistent associations between AMD and apolipoprotein E (APOE), a lipid transport protein involved in low-density cholesterol modulation. Potential interaction between APOE and sex, and smoking status has been reported. We present a pooled analysis (n = 21,160) demonstrating associations between late AMD and APOε4 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72 per haplotype; confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.74; P = 4.41×10(-11) ) and APOε2 (OR = 1.83 for homozygote carriers; CI: 1.04-3.23; P = 0.04), following adjustment for age group and sex within each study and smoking status. No evidence of interaction between APOE and sex or smoking was found. Ever smokers had significant increased risk relative to never smokers for both neovascular (OR = 1.54; CI: 1.38-1.72; P = 2.8×10(-15) ) and atrophic (OR = 1.38; CI: 1.18-1.61; P = 3.37×10(-5) ) AMD but not early AMD (OR = 0.94; CI: 0.86-1.03; P = 0.16), implicating smoking as a major contributing factor to disease progression from early signs to the visually disabling late forms. Extended haplotype analysis incorporating rs405509 did not identify additional risks beyond ε2 and ε4 haplotypes. Our expanded analysis substantially improves our understanding of the association between the APOE locus and AMD. It further provides evidence supporting the role of cholesterol modulation, and low-density cholesterol specifically, in AMD disease etiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.