SynthesisJournal of diabetes science and technology2011
Efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Synthesis in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Usability of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in patient management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an umbrella review of systematic reviews from 2011 to 2024.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2024Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Frequency of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Non-insulin-Treated T2D Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Collective Evidences Investigating the Effect of Diabetes Monitoring Systems and Their Application in Health Care.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Recommendations for the Use of the Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Diabetes Care.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2020Guideline
- Cutaneous Complications With Continuous or Flash Glucose Monitoring Use: Systematic Review of Trials and Observational Studies.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2020Pooled it
- Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Techniques of monitoring blood glucose during pregnancy for women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The evidence base for diabetes technology: appropriate and inappropriate meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2013Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of Professional Continuous Glucose Monitoring in improving glycemic control among children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-label Randomized Control Trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Effect of prandial treatment timing adjustment, based on continuous glucose monitoring, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with once-daily basal insulin: A randomized, phase IV study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Performance of a new real-time continuous glucose monitoring system: A multicenter pilot study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2018Trial
- REPLACE-BG: A Randomized Trial Comparing Continuous Glucose Monitoring With and Without Routine Blood Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2017Trial
- Blood Glucose Levels of Subelite Athletes During 6 Days of Free Living.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2016Trial
- Continuous glucose monitors: use of waveform versus glycemic values in the improvements of glucose control, quality of life, and fear of hypoglycemia.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2014Trial
- No effect of periodic continuous glucose monitoring on hemoglobin A1c in poorly regulated type 1 patients.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2013Trial
- Pilot study of a prototype minimally invasive intradermal continuous glucose monitor.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2012Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia compared to self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG).
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized trials of adults and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM). Pairs of reviewers independently selected studies, assessed methodological quality, and extracted data. Meta-analytic estimates of treatment effects were generated using a random-effects model.
resultsNineteen trials were eligible and provided data for meta-analysis. Overall, CGM was associated with a significant reduction in mean hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c; weighted mean difference (WMD) of -0.27% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.44 to -0.10)]. This was true for adults with T1DM as well as T2DM [WMD -0.50% (95% CI -0.69 to -0.30) and -0.70 (95% CI, -1.14 to -0.27), respectively]. No significant effect was noted in children and adolescents. There was no significant difference in HbA1c reduction between studies of real-time versus non-realtime devices (WMD -0.22%, 95% CI, -0.59 to 0.15 versus -0.30%, 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.10; p for interaction 0.71). The quality of evidence was moderate due to imprecision, suggesting increased risk for bias. Data for the incidence of severe or nocturnal hypoglycemia were sparse and imprecise. In studies that reported patient satisfaction, users felt confident about the device and gave positive reviews.
conclusionContinuous glucose monitoring seems to help improve glycemic control in adults with T1DM and T2DM. The effect on hypoglycemia incidence is imprecise and unclear. Larger trials with longer follow-up are needed to assess the efficacy of CGM in reducing patient-important complications without significantly increasing the burden of care for patients with diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.