Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2011
Early versus later rhythm analysis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00394706 (Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Prehospital Resuscitation Using an Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed Analysis
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Public Approval of Exception From Informed Consent in Emergency Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Community Consultation Surveys.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Assessing heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses in health-related cluster randomized trials: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Reporting non-adherence in cluster randomised trials: A systematic review.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plus delayed defibrillation versus immediate defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Adrenaline to improve survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Variations in the application of exception from informed consent in a multicenter clinical trial.Resuscitation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Association of early withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for perceived neurological prognosis with mortality after cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2016Trial
- Design and implementation of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART).Resuscitation · 2016Trial
- Expanding Paramedicine in the Community (EPIC): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2014Trial
- Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium-Amiodarone, Lidocaine or Placebo Study (ROC-ALPS): Rationale and methodology behind an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest antiarrhythmic drug trial.American heart journal · 2014Trial
- Early coronary angiography and induced hypothermia are associated with survival and functional recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2014Trial
- The impact of peri-shock pause on survival from out-of-hospital shockable cardiac arrest during the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium PRIMED trial.Resuscitation · 2014Trial
- A randomized trial of video self-instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for lay persons.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2013Trial
- A trial of an impedance threshold device in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.The New England journal of medicine · 2011Trial
- The STROBE guidelines and the Αristotelian mesotes curve.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Novel Technologies for Identifying Treatment Assignment in a Prehospital Pediatric Emergency Care Clinical Trial.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Emergency total extracorporeal life support versus standard advanced cardiac life support with rescue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for the ECLS-OHCA randomized trial.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Scientific Priorities Related to the Use of Double Sequential External Defibrillation in Patients With Refractory Cardiac Arrest: Report From a Multistakeholder Thinktank.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn a departure from the previous strategy of immediate defibrillation, the 2005 resuscitation guidelines from the American Heart Association-International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation suggested that emergency medical service (EMS) personnel could provide 2 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before the first analysis of cardiac rhythm. We compared the strategy of a brief period of CPR with early analysis of rhythm with the strategy of a longer period of CPR with delayed analysis of rhythm.
methodsWe conducted a cluster-randomized trial involving adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at 10 Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium sites in the United States and Canada. Patients in the early-analysis group were assigned to receive 30 to 60 seconds of EMS-administered CPR and those in the later-analysis group were assigned to receive 180 seconds of CPR, before the initial electrocardiographic analysis. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge with satisfactory functional status (a modified Rankin scale score of ≤3, on a scale of 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability).
resultsWe included 9933 patients, of whom 5290 were assigned to early analysis of cardiac rhythm and 4643 to later analysis. A total of 273 patients (5.9%) in the later-analysis group and 310 patients (5.9%) in the early-analysis group met the criteria for the primary outcome, with a cluster-adjusted difference of -0.2 percentage points (95% confidence interval, -1.1 to 0.7; P=0.59). Analyses of the data with adjustment for confounding factors, as well as subgroup analyses, also showed no survival benefit for either study group.
conclusionsAmong patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we found no difference in the outcomes with a brief period, as compared with a longer period, of EMS-administered CPR before the first analysis of cardiac rhythm. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ROC PRIMED ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00394706.).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.