ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2012
Effects of aerobic fitness on oxygen uptake kinetics in heavy intensity swimming.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of the specificity of cardiopulmonary response during tethered swimming using a new snorkel device.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2013Trial
- Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite Chinese summer sport athletes.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Peak V̇OPhysiological reports · 2025Article
- VOJournal of human kinetics · 2025Article
- Aerobic capacity in swimming, cycling and arm cranking in swimmers aged 11-13 years.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Training zones in competitive swimming: a biophysical approach.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes.Sports medicine - open · 2023Article
- Oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory and metabolic parameters do not differ between moderate-intensity front crawl and breaststroke swimming.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Physiological Responses During High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Article
- VO₂FITTING: A Free and Open-Source Software for Modelling Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Swimming and other Exercise Modalities.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Oxygen uptake kinetics and energy system's contribution around maximal lactate steady state swimming intensity.PloS one · 2017Article
- Sex and Exercise Intensity Do Not Influence Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Submaximal Swimming.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- The oxygen uptake slow component at submaximal intensities in breaststroke swimming.Journal of human kinetics · 2016Article
- Airway dysfunction in elite swimmers: prevalence, impact, and challenges.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2016Review
- Underwater Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Muscle Oxygen Changes in the Upper and Lower Extremities in Club Level Swimmers and Triathletes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2016Article
- VO₂ kinetics and metabolic contributions during full and upper body extreme swimming intensity.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Article
- VO2 kinetics and metabolic contributions whilst swimming at 95, 100, and 105% of the velocity at VO2max.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- About the use and conclusions extracted from a single tube snorkel used for respiratory data acquisition during swimming.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2013Article
- Reproducibility of an aerobic endurance test for nonexpert swimmers.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to characterise both the VO2 kinetics within constant heavy-intensity swimming exercise, and to assess the relationships between VO2 kinetics and other parameters of aerobic fitness, in well-trained swimmers. On separate days, 21 male swimmers completed: (1) an incremental swimming test to determine their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), first ventilatory threshold (VT), and the velocity associated with VO2max (vVO(2 max)) and (2) two square-wave transitions from rest to heavy-intensity exercise, to determine their VO2 kinetics. All the tests involved breath-by-breath analysis of freestyle swimming using a swimming snorkel. VO2 kinetics was modelled with two exponential functions. The mean values for the incremental test were 56.0 ± 6.0 ml min(-1) kg(-1), 1.45 ± 0.08 m s(-1); and 42.1 ± 5.7 ml min(-1) kg(-1) for VO2 max, vVO(2 max) and VT, respectively. For the square-wave transition, the time constant of the primary phase (sp) averaged 17.3 ± 5.4 s and the relevant slow component (A'sc) averaged 4.8 ± 2.9 ml min(-1) kg(-1) [representing 8.9% of the end-exercise VO2 (%A'sc)]. sp was correlated with vVO(2 max) (r = -0.55, P = 0.01), but not with either VO2max (r = 0.05, ns) or VT (r = 0.14, ns). The %A' sc did not correlate with either VO2max (r = -0.14, ns) or vVO(2 max) (r = 0.06, ns), but was inversely related with VT (r = -0.61, P < 0.01). This study was the first to describe the VO2 kinetics in heavy-intensity swimming using specific swimming exercise and appropriate methods. As has been demonstrated in cycling, faster VO2 kinetics allow higher aerobic power outputs to be attained. The slow component seems to be reduced in swimmers with higher ventilatory thresholds.
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