ReviewmBio2011
Why do influenza virus subtypes die out? A hypothesis.
Review in mBio, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Characterization of Conserved Evolution in H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Prior Mass Vaccination.Virulence · 2024Article
- Virology-The next fifty years.Cell · 2024Article
- Roles and functions of IAV proteins in host immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Group 1 and group 2 hemagglutinin stalk antibody response according to age.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Host and geographic barriers shape the competition, coexistence, and extinction patterns of influenza A (H1N1) viruses.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Inactivated and live-attenuated seasonal influenza vaccines boost broadly neutralizing antibodies in children.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from more than a century of pandemics and current vaccine development for pandemic control.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Review
- Development and application of a real-time RT-PCR assay to rapidly detect H2 subtype avian influenza A viruses.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2021Article
- Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Article
- Anomalous influenza seasonality in the United States and the emergence of novel influenza B viruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Influenza Viruses: Innate Immunity and mRNA Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Potential for elimination of SAR-CoV-2 through vaccination as inspired by elimination of multiple influenza viruses through natural pandemics or mass vaccination.Journal of medical virology · 2020Review
- COVID-19 in Light of Seasonal Respiratory Infections.Biology · 2020Review
- Viruses That Can and Cannot Coexist With Humans and the Future of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Review
- Article
- Protective Antibodies Against Influenza Proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Imprinting and Editing of the Human CD4 T Cell Response to Influenza Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Centennial review of influenza in Taiwan.Biomedical journal · 2018Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Novel pandemic influenza viruses enter the human population with some regularity and can cause disease that is severe and widespread. The emergence of novel viruses, historically, has often been coupled with the disappearance of existing seasonal virus strains. Here, we propose that the elimination of seasonal strains during virus pandemics is a process mediated, at the population level, by humoral immunity. Specifically, we suggest that infection with a novel virus strain, in people previously exposed to influenza viruses, can elicit a memory B cell response against conserved hemagglutinin stalk epitopes and/or neuraminidase epitopes. The anti-stalk and/or anti-neuraminidase antibodies then act to diminish the clinical severity of disease caused by novel influenza viruses and to eliminate seasonal virus strains.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.