ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Role of stochastic processes in maintaining discrete strain structure in antigenically diverse pathogen populations.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The SATvac model of CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction phases considering memory and effector cell differentiation.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Challenges for modelling interventions for future pandemics.Epidemics · 2022Article
- Maximum antigen diversification in a lyme bacterial population and evolutionary strategies to overcome pathogen diversity.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- An antigenic diversification threshold for falciparum malaria transmission at high endemicity.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- The network structure and eco-evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR-induced immune diversification.Nature ecology & evolution · 2020Article
- Competition for hosts modulates vast antigenic diversity to generate persistent strain structure in Plasmodium falciparum.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Reverse immunodynamics: a new method for identifying targets of protective immunity.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Models of immune selection for multi-locus antigenic diversity of pathogens.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2019Review
- Networks of genetic similarity reveal non-neutral processes shape strain structure in Plasmodium falciparum.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Competing species leave many potential niches unfilled.Nature ecology & evolution · 2017Article
- Evidence of strain structure inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Article
- Epidemic cycling in a multi-strain SIRS epidemic network model.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2016Article
- MANTIS: an R package that simulates multilocus models of pathogen evolution.BMC bioinformatics · 2015Article
- Dissecting the determinants of malaria chronicity: why within-host models struggle to reproduce infection dynamics.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2015Article
- Contrasting within- and between-host immune selection shapes Neisseria Opa repertoires.Scientific reports · 2014Article
- Natural, persistent oscillations in a spatial multi-strain disease system with application to dengue.PLoS computational biology · 2013Article
- The antigenic evolution of influenza: drift or thrift?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many highly diverse pathogen populations appear to exist stably as discrete antigenic types despite evidence of genetic exchange. It has been shown that this may arise as a consequence of immune selection on pathogen populations, causing them to segregate permanently into discrete nonoverlapping subsets of antigenic variants to minimize competition for available hosts. However, discrete antigenic strain structure tends to break down under conditions where there are unequal numbers of allelic variants at each locus. Here, we show that the inclusion of stochastic processes can lead to the stable recovery of discrete strain structure through loss of certain alleles. This explains how pathogen populations may continue to behave as independently transmitted strains despite inevitable asymmetries in allelic diversity of major antigens. We present evidence for this type of structuring across global meningococcal isolates in three diverse antigens that are currently being developed as vaccine components.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.