ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Convergent evolution of two mammalian neuronal enhancers by sequential exaptation of unrelated retroposons.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Highly Conserved STAT3 Motifs Present in the Neuronal Pomc Enhancer nPE1 are Critical for Maximal Hypothalamic Pomc Expression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Transposable elements contribute to tissue-specific gene regulation in humans.Genes & genomics · 2024Article
- A mammalian tripartite enhancer cluster controls hypothalamicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Review
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- Transposable Elements: Epigenetic Silencing Mechanisms or Modulating Tools for Vertebrate Adaptations? Two Sides of the Same Coin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Horizontal Transposon Transfer and Their Ecological Drivers: The Case of Flower-breeding Drosophila.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Introns: the "dark matter" of the eukaryotic genome.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- The Role of Transposable Elements of the Human Genome in Neuronal Function and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Elevated Alu retroelement copy number among workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2021Article
- Functional characterization of T2D-associated SNP effects on baseline and ER stress-responsive β cell transcriptional activation.Nature communications · 2021Article
- The Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Impact of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes.Genes · 2021Review
- B2 SINE Copies Serve as a Transposable Boundary of DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Mouse.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Enhancer redundancy in development and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2021Review
- Retrotransposons as Drivers of Mammalian Brain Evolution.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Transposon clusters as substrates for aberrant splice-site activation.RNA biology · 2021Article
- Transposable Elements and Stress in Vertebrates: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of Transposable Elements in Gene Regulation in the Human Genome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Cortical Evolution in Mammals.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The transcriptional regulator PRDM12 is critical for Pomc expression in the mouse hypothalamus and controlling food intake, adiposity, and body weight.Molecular metabolism · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC) is expressed in a group of neurons present in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Neuron-specific POMC expression in mammals is conveyed by two distal enhancers, named nPE1 and nPE2. Previous transgenic mouse studies showed that nPE1 and nPE2 independently drive reporter gene expression to POMC neurons. Here, we investigated the evolutionary mechanisms that shaped not one but two neuron-specific POMC enhancers and tested whether nPE1 and nPE2 drive identical or complementary spatiotemporal expression patterns. Sequence comparison among representative genomes of most vertebrate classes and mammalian orders showed that nPE1 is a placental novelty. Using in silico paleogenomics we found that nPE1 originated from the exaptation of a mammalian-apparent LTR retrotransposon sometime between the metatherian/eutherian split (147 Mya) and the placental mammal radiation (≈ 90 Mya). Thus, the evolutionary origin of nPE1 differs, in kind and time, from that previously demonstrated for nPE2, which was exapted from a CORE-short interspersed nucleotide element (SINE) retroposon before the origin of prototherians, 166 Mya. Transgenic mice expressing the fluorescent markers tomato and EGFP driven by nPE1 or nPE2, respectively, demonstrated coexpression of both reporter genes along the entire arcuate nucleus. The onset of reporter gene expression guided by nPE1 and nPE2 was also identical and coincidental with the onset of Pomc expression in the presumptive mouse diencephalon. Thus, the independent exaptation of two unrelated retroposons into functional analogs regulating neuronal POMC expression constitutes an authentic example of convergent molecular evolution of cell-specific enhancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.