ReviewJournal of dental research2012
Cigarette smoking and inflammation: cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Review in Journal of dental research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 371 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
371 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 663 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of multimorbidity among people living with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking, alcohol and opioids effect on coronary microcirculation: an update overview.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Reductions in cigarette and cannabis use during a randomized clinical trial for alcohol use disorder.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Association Between Allergy, Asthma, and Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-, Age-, Lifestyle-, and Comorbidity-Specific Reference Values for Serum Cytokines in the Dutch General Population: Results From the PROFILES Registry.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Risk modifiers of immune-related adverse events in patients with NSCLC undergoing immunotherapy: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Male Reproductive Health: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Consequences.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of ambient particulate matter and extreme weather events on arthritis risk: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Association of Healthy Lifestyle with Insomnia Among Chinese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Long noncoding RNAs at the crossroads of smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung disease.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- Pre-diagnosis recreational physical activity and lung cancer survival within the California teachers study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Maternal Early-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Health and Offspring Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescence.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Dynamic Balance in Young Adult Smokers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Machine learning-predicted insulin resistance is a risk factor for 12 types of cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Indicates Persistent Subgingival Dysbiosis After Periodontal Therapy.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
311 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes considerable morbidity and mortality by inducing cancer, chronic lung and vascular diseases, and oral disease. Despite the well-recognized risks associated with smoking, the habit remains unacceptably prevalent. Several toxins present in CS have immunomodulatory effects. CS also contains trace amounts of microbial cell components, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These and other CS constituents induce chronic inflammation at mucosal surfaces and modify host responses to exogenous antigens. The effects of CS on immunity are far-reaching and complex; both pro-inflammatory and suppressive effects may be induced. The net effect of CS on immunity depends on many variables, including the dose and type of tobacco, the route and chronicity of exposure, and the presence of other factors at the time of immune cell stimulation, such as Toll receptor ligands or other inflammatory mediators. CS impairs innate defenses against pathogens, modulates antigen presentation, and promotes autoimmunity. CS also impairs immunity in the oral cavity and promotes gingival and periodontal disease and oral cancer. The recognition of specific mechanisms by which CS affects host immunity is an important step toward elucidating mechanisms of tobacco-induced disease and may identify novel therapeutic approaches for the management of diseases that afflict smokers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.