ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Elicitation of epithelial cell-derived immune effectors by outer membrane vesicles of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outer membrane vesicles secreted byInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Engineering Microbial Particles for Next-Generation Biomedical Platforms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- X-Ray Irradiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Biogenesis of Outer-Inner Membrane Vesicles With Potential as a Vaccine Against Acute Pneumonia.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and Antimicrobial Peptides: A Synergistic Approach to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Characterization ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbiological and molecular aspects of periodontitis pathogenesis: an infection-induced inflammatory condition.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Responses Elicited by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Important Players in Vaccine Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The effect of site-specific recombinases XerCD on the removal of over-replicated chromosomal DNA through outer membrane vesicles in bacteria.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Screening for Genes Involved in Outer Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- A Robust Protocol to Isolate Outer Membrane Vesicles from NontypeableMethods and protocols · 2023Article
- Gram-Negative Bacteria's Outer Membrane Vesicles.Infection & chemotherapy · 2023Review
- Aerosolization inhalation of non-typeableFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by all Gram-negative microorganisms studied to date. The contributions of OMVs to biological processes are diverse and include mediation of bacterial stress responses, selective packaging and secretion of virulence determinants, modulation of the host immune response, and contributions to biofilm formation and stability. First characterized as transformasomes in Haemophilus, these membranous blebs facilitate transfer of DNA among bacteria. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI), an opportunistic pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, produces OMVs in vivo, but there is a paucity of information regarding both the composition and role of OMVs during NTHI colonization and pathogenesis. We demonstrated that purified NTHI vesicles are 20 to 200 nm in diameter and contain DNA, adhesin P5, IgA endopeptidase, serine protease, and heme utilization protein, suggesting a multifaceted role in virulence. NTHI OMVs can bind to human pharyngeal epithelial cells, resulting in a time- and temperature-dependent aggregation on the host cell surface, with subsequent internalization. OMVs colocalize with the endocytosis protein caveolin, indicating that internalization is mediated by caveolae, which are cholesterol-rich lipid raft domains. Upon interaction with epithelial cells, NTHI OMVs stimulate significant release of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Thus, we demonstrated that NTHI OMVs contain virulence-associated proteins that dynamically interact with and invade host epithelial cells. Beyond their ability to mediate DNA transfer in Haemophilus, OMV stimulation of host immunomodulatory cytokine and antimicrobial peptide release supports a dynamic role for vesiculation in NTHI pathogenesis and clinically relevant disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.