ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
The small GTPase Rap1 is a novel regulator of RPE cell barrier function.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Next-generation sequencing reveals aqueous MicroRNA and piRNA signatures in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Beyond Ornithine Metabolism in Gyrate Atrophy: Tissue-Specific Proteomic Insights into Neonatal and Adult OAT Deficiency.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prostaglandin EFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of s-acylated proteins in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and the role of palmitoylation of Niemann-Pick type C1 protein in cholesterol transport.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Effect of Platelet-Activating Factor on Barrier Function of ARPE-19 Cells.Drug design, development and therapy · 2020Article
- Application of Real-Time Cell Electronic Analysis System in Modern Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Vascular Endothelial (VE)-Cadherin, Endothelial Adherens Junctions, and Vascular Disease.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2018Review
- The EPAC-Rap1 pathway prevents and reverses cytokine-induced retinal vascular permeability.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Downregulation of miR-503 Promotes ESCC Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Cyclin D1.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2017Article
- Retinal pigment epithelial cell expression of active Rap 1a by scAAV2 inhibits choroidal neovascularization.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2016Article
- Plakophilin 3 mediates Rap1-dependent desmosome assembly and adherens junction maturation.Molecular biology of the cell · 2014Article
- Article
- Age-related changes of cystatin C expression and polarized secretion by retinal pigment epithelium: potential age-related macular degeneration links.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Article
- Activation of Rap1 inhibits NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in retinal pigment epithelium and reduces choroidal neovascularization.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2014Article
- Rap1 GTPase activation and barrier enhancement in rpe inhibits choroidal neovascularization in vivo.PloS one · 2013Article
- Breaking barriers: insight into the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Eye and brain · 2011Article
- Rap1 and its regulatory proteins: the tumor suppressor, oncogene, tumor suppressor gene axis in head and neck cancer.Small GTPasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether the small GTPase Rap1 regulates the formation and maintenance of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell junctional barrier.
methodsAn in vitro model was used to study RPE barrier properties. To dissect the role of Rap1, two techniques were used to inhibit Rap1 function: overexpression of RapGAP, which acts as a negative regulator of endogenous Rap1 activity, and treatment with engineered, adenovirally-transduced microRNAs to knockdown Rap1 protein expression. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) of impedance were used as readouts for barrier properties. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to visualize localization of cadherins under steady state conditions and also during junctional reassembly after calcium switch. Finally, choroidal endothelial cell (CEC) migration across RPE monolayers was quantified under conditions of Rap1 inhibition in RPE.
resultsKnockdown of Rap1 or inhibition of its activity in RPE reduces TER and electrical impedance of the RPE monolayers. The loss of barrier function is also reflected by the mislocalization of cadherins and formation of gaps within the monolayer. TER measurement and immunofluorescent staining of cadherins after a calcium switch indicate that junctional reassembly kinetics are also impaired. Furthermore, CEC transmigration is significantly higher in Rap1-knockdown RPE monolayers compared with control.
conclusionsRap1 GTPase is an important regulator of RPE cell junctions, and is required for maintenance of barrier function. This observation that RPE monolayers lacking Rap1 allow greater transmigration of CECs suggests a possible role for potentiating choroidal neovascularization during the pathology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.