Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21872588›Full record

ArticleExperimental neurology2011

Effect of insulin and an erythropoietin-derived peptide (ARA290) on established neuritic dystrophy and neuronopathy in Akita (Ins2 Akita) diabetic mouse sympathetic ganglia.

Robert E Schmidt, Dongyan Feng, Qiuling Wang, Karen G Green, Lisa L Snipes, Michael Yamin, Michael Brines

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Peptide-Incorporated Biomaterials Promote Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  4. Peptide-Based Approaches for Pain Relief and Healing in Wounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Animal models of peripheral neuropathies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2012
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Robert E SchmidtDivision of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. reschmidt@wustl.edu
Dongyan Feng
Qiuling Wang
Karen G Green
Lisa L Snipes
Michael Yamin
Michael Brines
Araim Pharmaceuticals (United States) · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

WU P&FP30DK020579 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer Lynn Powers Carson · 2013 to 2026
$27.1M
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF THE AGING SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEMR01AG010299 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHMIDT, ROBERT EDWARD · 1992 to 2006
$1.7M
EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHYR37DK019645 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHMIDT, ROBERT EDWARD · 1999 to 2004
$1.6M
EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHYR01DK019645 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SCHMIDT, ROBERT EDWARD · 1986 to 2010
$1.3M
NIA NIH HHS AG10299NIA NIH HHS R01 AG010299NIDDK NIH HHS DK19645NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020579NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK019645NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK019645
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Akita mouse is a robust model of diabetic autonomic neuropathy which develops severe diabetes following beta cell death, which occurs reproducibly at 3-4 weeks of age, and maintains the diabetic state without therapy for as long as 11 additional months. Neuritic dystrophy and neuronopathy involving prevertebral sympathetic superior mesenteric and celiac ganglia begin to develop within the first two months of onset of diabetes and are progressive with time. We have examined the effect of insulin implants resulting in normoglycemia and injections of ARA290, a small erythropoietin peptide which has no effect on glycemic parameters, on the reversal of established neuritic dystrophy and neuronopathy. We have found that 4 weeks of insulin therapy beginning at 2 months of diabetes resulted in normalization of blood glucose, body weight and HbA1c. Insulin therapy successfully reversed established neuritic dystrophy and neuronopathy to control levels. Numbers of sympathetic neurons were not significantly changed in either 3 month diabetic or insulin-treated Akita mice. Treatment with ARA290 for 7 weeks beginning at 4 months of diabetes did not result in altered metabolic severity of diabetes as measured by blood glucose, body weight or HbA1c levels. ARA290 treatment was able to decrease neuritic dystrophy by 55-74% compared to untreated diabetics or in comparison to a separate group of diabetic animals representing the 4 month treatment onset point. Surprisingly, there was no effect of ARA290 on ganglionic neuron number or ongoing neuronopathy (pale/degenerating neurons) in diabetic Akita mice during this time period. The development of neuroprotective EPO-like peptides may provide a possible future therapy for this debilitating complication of diabetes; however, it appears that discrete elements may be differentially targeted by the diabetic state and may require selective therapy.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood GlucoseBody WeightDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic NeuropathiesDisease Models, AnimalErythropoietinGanglia, SympatheticHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Mutant StrainsMicroscopy, ElectronNerve DegenerationBlood GlucoseErythropoietinHypoglycemic AgentsIns2 protein, mouseInsulinPeptides

Identifiers

PMID21872588
PMCPMC3202026
OpenAlexW2127627013

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.