Trial reportMetabolic brain disease2011
Acetyl-L-carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial.
Trial report in Metabolic brain disease, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive Impairment After Resolution of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Does L-carnitine supplementation affect serum levels of enzymes mainly produced by liver? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.European journal of nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of carnitine supplementation on liver aminotransferase enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of L-carnitine on quality of life in covert hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2022Trial
- Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and liver cirrhosis: a prospective, quantified electroencephalography study.BMC gastroenterology · 2013Trial
- Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The role of genetic defects in carnitine-associated hepatic encephalopathy: a review of literature.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Review
- Osteosarcopenia in NAFLD/MAFLD: An Underappreciated Clinical Problem in Chronic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Hyperammonemia in Inherited Metabolic Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Impact of l-Carnitine Supplementation on Liver Enzyme Normalization in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Role of Carnitine in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Other Related Diseases: An Update.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Carnitine Serum Levels in Frail Older Subjects.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Effect of L-carnitine on health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis.Biomedical reports · 2020Article
- Review
- Review
- Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine Used for Protection of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury on Acute Kidney Changes in Male and Female Rats.Neurochemical research · 2019Article
- Nutrition in Cirrhosis.Current gastroenterology reports · 2019Review
- Levocarnitine Use Is Associated With Improvement in Sarcopenia in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis.Hepatology communications · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ALC treatment on cognitive functions in patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 61 patients with severe hepatic encephalopathy were recruited to the study. The 2 groups received either 2 g ALC twice a day (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 90 days. Clinical and laboratory assessment, psychometric tests and automated electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis were performed for all patients. At the end of the study period, between the 2 groups we observed a significant difference in Everyday Memory Questionnaire -23.9 vs 4.4 (p < 0.001), Logical Memory (Paragraph recall) test 22.3 vs 0.7 (p < 0.001), Trail Making Test A -7.5 vs -2.6 (p < 0.001), Trail Making Test B -10.5 vs -3.1 (p < 0.001), Controlled Oral Word Association Test 4.2 vs 0.5 (p < 0.001), Hooper test 2.6 vs 0.1 (p < 0.05), Judgement of line orientation 2.8 vs 0.3 (p < 0.001), Digit Cancellation time -24.5 vs -2.4 (p < 0.001), NH₄⁺ 30.5 vs 13.5 (p < 0.001), prothrombin time 2 vs 2.4 (p < 0.05), alanine transaminase -10.7 vs -13.6 (p < 0.001). 88% of patients treated with ALC vs 72% of patients treated with placebo showed a significant improvement in EEG. The improvement of cognitive deficits, the reduction of ammonia, and the modification of EEG in patients treated with ALC suggest that ALC could represent a new tool in the treatment of severe hepatic encephalopathy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.