Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1990
Early diet of preterm infants and development of allergic or atopic disease: randomised prospective study.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- How should an incident case of atopic dermatitis be defined? A systematic review of primary prevention studies.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2012Pooled it
- Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2010Guideline
- Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2003Pooled it
- Does early nutrition in infants born before term programme later blood pressure?BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1994Trial
- Narrative review of human milk fortifiers for preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Early-Life Nutrition in Preterm Infants and Risk of Respiratory Infections and Wheezing: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding and Allergic Diseases: What's New?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Preterm Infants Fed Cow's Milk-Derived Fortifier Had Adverse Outcomes Despite a Base Diet of Only Mother's Own Milk.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2020Article
- Free Amino Acids in Human Milk: A Potential Role for Glutamine and Glutamate in the Protection Against Neonatal Allergies and Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Cytokines and Soluble Receptors in Breast Milk as Enhancers of Oral Tolerance Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Fortification of Human Milk for Preterm Infants: Update and Recommendations of the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Working Group on Human Milk Fortification.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Review
- Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle.Nutrients · 2017Review
- The Skin as a Route of Allergen Exposure: Part II. Allergens and Role of the Microbiome and Environmental Exposures.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2017Review
- Prevention of food and airway allergy: consensus of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Paediatrics, the Italian Society of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, and Italian Society of Pediatrics.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2016Review
- Breastfeeding is associated with reduced childhood hospitalization: evidence from a Scottish Birth Cohort (1997-2009).The Journal of pediatrics · 2015Article
- Article
- Postdischarge nutritional therapy.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2006Review
- Preventing food allergy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2004Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study the effect of early diet on the development of allergic reactions in infants born preterm.
designTwo randomised prospective trails. In trail A infants were randomly allocated banked donor milk or preterm formula as their sole diet or (separately randomised) as a supplement to their mother's expressed breast milk. In trial B infants were allocated term or preterm formula. A blind follow up examination was done 18 months after the expected date of birth.
settingNeonatal units of hospitals in Cambridge, Ipswich, King's Lynn, Norwich, and Sheffield. Outpatient follow up.
participants777 Infants with a birth weight less than 1850 g born during 1982 to 1984.
main outcome measuresDevelopment of eczema, allergic reactions to food or drugs, and asthma or wheezing by nine and 18 months after term. Whenever possible the observations were confirmed by rechallenge or clinical examination.
resultsAt 18 months after term there was no difference in the incidence of allergic reactions between dietary groups in either trial. In the subgroup of infants with a family history of atopy, however, those in trial A who received preterm formula rather than human milk had a significantly greater risk of developing one or more allergic reactions (notably eczema) by 18 months (odds ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 9.1).
conclusionsFeeding neonates on formulas based on cows' milk, including those with a high protein content, did not increase the overall risk of allergy. Nevertheless, in the subgroup with a family history of atopy early exposure to cows' milk increased the risk of a wide range of allergic reactions, especially eczema.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.