ArticleHarm reduction journal2011
Prevalence and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infection and harm reduction program use among male injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional assessment.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of HIV and HCV among injecting drug users in three selected WHO-EMRO countries: a meta-analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2021Pooled it
- The status of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Using hepatitis C prevalence to estimate HIV epidemic potential among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- HIV among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review and data synthesis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Risk factors of HIV and variation in access to clean needles among people who inject drugs in Pakistan.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Understanding injecting drug use in Afghanistan: A scoping review.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Determinants of health among people who use illicit drugs in the conflict-affected countries of Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence.Conflict and health · 2022Review
- Opium trade and the spread of HIV in the Golden Crescent.Harm reduction journal · 2017Review
- HCV prevalence can predict HIV epidemic potential among people who inject drugs: mathematical modeling analysis.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Determinants of willingness to enroll in opioid agonist treatment among opioid dependent people who inject drugs in Ukraine.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
- Impact of conflict and displacement on risk behaviours amongst people who inject drugs in Kabul, Afghanistan.The International journal on drug policy · 2016Article
- Hepatitis C and HIV incidence and harm reduction program use in a conflict setting: an observational cohort of injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan.Harm reduction journal · 2015Observational
- Poor Reporting of Outcomes Beyond Accuracy in Point-of-Care Tests for Syphilis: A Call for a Framework.AIDS research and treatment · 2014Review
- Opiate use, treatment, and harm reduction in Afghanistan: recent changes and future directions.The International journal on drug policy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA nascent HIV epidemic and high prevalence of risky drug practices were detected among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Kabul, Afghanistan from 2005-2006. We assessed prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), syphilis, and needle and syringe program (NSP) use among this population.
methodsIDUs were recruited between June, 2007 and March, 2009 and completed questionnaires and rapid testing for HIV, HCV, HBsAg, and syphilis; positive samples received confirmatory testing. Logistic regression was used to identify correlates of HIV, HCV, and current NSP use.
resultsOf 483 participants, all were male and median age, age at first injection, and duration of injection were 28, 24, and 2.0 years, respectively. One-fifth (23.0%) had initiated injecting within the last year. Reported risky injecting practices included ever sharing needles/syringes (16.9%) or other injecting equipment (38.4%). Prevalence of HIV, HCV Ab, HBSAg, and syphilis was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.0-3.8), 36.1% (95% CI: 31.8-40.4), 4.6% (95% CI: 2.9-6.9), and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5-2.7), respectively. HIV and HCV infection were both independently associated with sharing needles/syringes (AOR = 5.96, 95% CI: 1.58 - 22.38 and AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.38 - 3.95, respectively). Approximately half (53.8%) of the participants were using NSP services at time of enrollment and 51.3% reported receiving syringes from NSPs in the last three months. Current NSP use was associated with initiating drug use with injecting (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.22 - 5.44), sharing injecting equipment in the last three months (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.16 - 2.77), prior incarceration (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.32), and greater daily frequency of injecting (AOR = 1.40 injections daily, 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.82).
conclusionsHIV and HCV prevalence appear stable among Kabul IDUs, though the substantial number having recently initiated injecting raises concern that transmission risk may increase over time. Harm reduction programming appears to be reaching high-risk drug user populations; however, monitoring is warranted to determine efficacy of prevention programming in this dynamic environment.
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Registered trials
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