ReviewAntioxidants & redox signaling2012
The human paraoxonase gene cluster as a target in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Review in Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of paraoxonases in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2014Pooled it
- Paediatric proteomic signatures of cardiometabolic disease-associated traits predict adult disease outcomes.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- The Paraoxonase (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of paraoxonase 2 (PON2) as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer treatment.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Comparative study of oxidative stress in cancer patients occupationally exposed to the mixture of pesticides.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Contribution of the Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme to Cancer Cell Metabolism and Phenotypes.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- mTOR-dependent loss of PON1 secretion and antiphospholipid autoantibody production underlie autoimmunity-mediated cirrhosis in transaldolase deficiency.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Alteration of Blood Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Dissection: A Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Paraoxonase-2 is upregulated in triple negative breast cancer and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance.Human cell · 2023Article
- Paraoxonases at the Heart of Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Role Played by Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme in Cell Viability, Proliferation and Sensitivity to Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- The Removal of Time-Concentration Data Points from Progress Curves Improves the Determination ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Insights into the role of paraoxonase 2 in human pathophysiology.Journal of biosciences · 2022Article
- The effect of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms T(-107)C and L55M and diet composition on serum PON1 activity in women.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Evidence of Paraoxonases 1, 2, and 3 Expression in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Elucidating Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cisplatin Chemotherapy: A Focus on Molecular Pathways and Possible Therapeutic Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Relevance of Noncoding DNA Variations of Paraoxonase Gene Cluster in Atherosclerosis-Related Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The paraoxonase (PON) gene cluster contains three adjacent gene members, PON1, PON2, and PON3. Originating from the same fungus lactonase precursor, all of the three PON genes share high sequence identity and a similar β propeller protein structure. PON1 and PON3 are primarily expressed in the liver and secreted into the serum upon expression, whereas PON2 is ubiquitously expressed and remains inside the cell. Each PON member has high catalytic activity toward corresponding artificial organophosphate, and all exhibit activities to lactones. Therefore, all three members of the family are regarded as lactonases. Under physiological conditions, they act to degrade metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids and homocysteine (Hcy) thiolactone, among other compounds. By detoxifying both oxidized low-density lipoprotein and Hcy thiolactone, PONs protect against atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases, as has been illustrated by many types of in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence. Clinical observations focusing on gene polymorphisms also indicate that PON1, PON2, and PON3 are protective against coronary artery disease. Many other conditions, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and aging, have been shown to relate to PONs. The abundance and/or activity of PONs can be regulated by lipoproteins and their metabolites, biological macromolecules, pharmacological treatments, dietary factors, and lifestyle. In conclusion, both previous results and ongoing studies provide evidence, making the PON cluster a prospective target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.