Trial reportDrug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals2011
Differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C.
Trial report in Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- The effects of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on human cytochrome P450 activity.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2014Trial
- Development of anFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the efficacy of silymarin and dexmedetomidine on kidney and lung tissue in the treatment of sepsis in rats with cecal perforation.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of silymarin use on liver enzymes and metabolic factors in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Canadian liver journal · 2024Article
- Application and mechanism of Chinese herb medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Article
- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in chronic liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapy.World journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides mediate disposition of milk thistle flavonolignans and pharmacokinetic silymarin-drug interactions.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021Article
- Multi-factorial pharmacokinetic interactions: unraveling complexities in precision drug therapy.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2021Review
- Chronic Liver Disease and Silymarin: A Biochemical and Clinical Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2020Review
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Review
- Efficacy of oralVeterinary record open · 2020Article
- A Pharmacokinetic Natural Product-Disease-Drug Interaction: A Double Hit of Silymarin and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis on Hepatic Transporters in a Rat Model.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2019Article
- Silymarin induces insulin resistance through an increase of phosphatase and tensin homolog in Wistar rats.PloS one · 2014Article
- Protective mechanisms of medicinal plants targeting hepatic stellate cell activation and extracellular matrix deposition in liver fibrosis.Chinese medicine · 2014Article
- Liver fibrosis and protection mechanisms action of medicinal plants targeting apoptosis of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells.Advances in pharmacological sciences · 2014Review
- Effect of caloric restriction and AMPK activation on hepatic nuclear receptor, biotransformation enzyme, and transporter expression in lean and obese mice.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Article
- An assessment of pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of free silymarin flavonolignans in healthy volunteers: a dose escalation study.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2013Article
- HiFSA fingerprinting applied to isomers with near-identical NMR spectra: the silybin/isosilybin case.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Silymarin, derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum and widely used for self-treatment of liver diseases, is composed of six major flavonolignans including silybin A and silybin B, which are the predominant flavonolignans quantified in human plasma. The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of silymarin flavonolignans were examined in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) to determine whether the disposition of silymarin and therefore its potential efficacy vary among liver disease populations. Cohorts of eight subjects with noncirrhotic liver disease were randomized 3:1 to oral silymarin or placebo (280 or 560 mg) every 8 h for 7 days. Forty-eight-hour blood sampling was conducted after the first and final doses. In general, plasma concentrations of silybin A and silybin B were higher, whereas concentrations of conjugates were lower in NAFLD compared with HCV. After adjustment of the area under plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC(0-8 h)) for weight and dose, only silybin B and silybin B conjugates differed significantly between disease types. For NAFLD, the adjusted mean AUC(0-8 h) was higher for silybin B (p < 0.05) but lower for silybin B conjugates (p < 0.05) compared with that for HCV. At the 280-mg dose, steady-state plasma concentrations of silybin B conjugates for NAFLD subjects were characterized by 46% lower AUC(0-8 h) (p < 0.05) and 42% lower C(max) (p < 0.05) compared with HCV subjects. Evidence of enterohepatic cycling of flavonolignans was only observed in NAFLD subjects. In summary, the efficacy of silymarin may be more readily observed in NAFLD patients because of their higher flavonolignan plasma concentrations and more extensive enterohepatic cycling compared with those in HCV patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.