ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Transcriptional regulation of neural retina leucine zipper (Nrl), a photoreceptor cell fate determinant.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of MAF and OTX families during the emergence and stabilization of rod photoreceptors across Metazoans.Research square · 2026Article
- Active DNA demethylation upstream of rod-photoreceptor fate determination is required for retinal development.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Active learning of enhancers and silencers in the developing neural retina.Cell systems · 2025Article
- Transcription factor interactions explain the context-dependent activity of CRX binding sites.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Disease-causing mutations in genes encoding transcription factors critical for photoreceptor development.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Blimp-1/PRDM1 and Hr3/RORβ specify the blue-sensitive photoreceptor subtype inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Glucose uptake by GLUT1 in photoreceptors is essential for outer segment renewal and rod photoreceptor survival.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Somatostatin signalling promotes the differentiation of rod photoreceptors in human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoid.Cell proliferation · 2022Article
- Otx2 enhances transdifferentiation of Müller cells-derived retinal stem cells into photoreceptor-like cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Notch Signaling-Induced Oscillatory Gene Expression May Drive Neurogenesis in the Developing Retina.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Article
- A massively parallel reporter assay reveals context-dependent activity of homeodomain binding sites in vivo.Genome research · 2018Article
- CRX directs photoreceptor differentiation by accelerating chromatin remodeling at specific target sites.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2018Article
- NRL and CRX Define Photoreceptor Identity and Reveal Subgroup-Specific Dependencies in Medulloblastoma.Cancer cell · 2018Article
- Generation of a rod-specific NRL reporter line in human pluripotent stem cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Targeting and silencing of rhodopsin by ectopic expression of the transcription factor KLF15.JCI insight · 2017Article
- Molecular Anatomy of the Developing Human Retina.Developmental cell · 2017Article
- Nrl knockdown by AAV-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 prevents retinal degeneration in mice.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-AAV Mediated Knock-in at NRL Locus in Human Embryonic Stem Cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2016Article
- A Simple Grammar Defines Activating and Repressing cis-Regulatory Elements in Photoreceptors.Cell reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transcription factor neural retina leucine zipper (Nrl) is a critical determinant of rod photoreceptor cell fate and a key regulator of rod differentiation. Nrl(-/-) rod precursors fail to turn on rod genes and instead differentiate as cones. Furthermore, NRL mutations in humans cause retinitis pigmentosa. Despite the developmental and clinical significance of this gene, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of Nrl itself. In this study, we sought to define the cis- and trans-acting factors responsible for initiation and maintenance of Nrl transcription in the mouse retina. Utilizing a quantitative mouse retinal explant electroporation assay, we discovered a phylogenetically conserved, 30-base pair region immediately upstream of the transcription start site that is required for Nrl promoter activity. This region contains binding sites for the retinal transcription factors CRX, OTX2, and RORβ, and point mutations in these sites completely abolish promoter activity in living retinas. Gel-shift experiments show that CRX, OTX2, and RORβ can bind to the critical region in vitro, whereas ChIP experiments demonstrate binding of CRX and OTX2 to the critical region in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that CRX, OTX2, and RORβ directly regulate Nrl transcription by binding to critical sites within the Nrl promoter. We propose a model in which Nrl expression is primarily initiated by OTX2 and RORβ and later maintained at high levels by CRX and RORβ.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.