Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21862625›Full record

ArticleGenome research2011

Genome-based analysis of the nonhuman primate Macaca fascicularis as a model for drug safety assessment.

Martin Ebeling, Erich Küng, Angela See, Clemens Broger, Guido Steiner, Marco Berrera, Tobias Heckel, Leonardo Iniguez, Thomas Albert, Roland Schmucki and 3 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gut microbiota remodeling inZoological research · 2026
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  14. Prediction of Drug Clearance from Enzyme and Transporter Kinetics.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021
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  19. Modified Dose Efficacy Trial of a Canine Distemper-Measles Vaccine for Use in Rhesus Macaques (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2019
    Article
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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Martin EbelingTranslational Research Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
Erich Küng
Angela See
Clemens Broger
Guido Steiner
Marco Berrera
Tobias Heckel
Leonardo Iniguez
Thomas Albert
Roland Schmucki
Hermann Biller
Thomas Singer
Ulrich Certa
Roche (Switzerland) · CHLa Roche College · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The long-tailed macaque, also referred to as cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), is one of the most important nonhuman primate animal models in basic and applied biomedical research. To improve the predictive power of primate experiments for humans, we determined the genome sequence of a Macaca fascicularis female of Mauritian origin using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach. We applied a template switch strategy that uses either the rhesus or the human genome to assemble sequence reads. The sixfold sequence coverage of the draft genome sequence enabled discovery of about 2.1 million potential single-nucleotide polymorphisms based on occurrence of a dimorphic nucleotide at a given position in the genome sequence. Homology-based annotation allowed us to identify 17,387 orthologs of human protein-coding genes in the M. fascicularis draft genome, and the predicted transcripts enabled the design of a M. fascicularis-specific gene expression microarray. Using liver samples from 36 individuals of different geographic origin we identified 718 genes with highly variable expression in liver, whereas the majority of the transcriptome shows relatively stable and comparable expression. Knowledge of the M. fascicularis draft genome is an important contribution to both the use of this animal in disease models and the safety assessment of drugs and their metabolites. In particular, this information allows high-resolution genotyping and microarray-based gene-expression profiling for animal stratification, thereby allowing the use of well-characterized animals for safety testing. Finally, the genome sequence presented here is a significant contribution to the global "3R" animal welfare initiative, which has the goal to reduce, refine, and replace animal experiments.

Indexed as

Drug Evaluation, PreclinicalModels, AnimalAnimalsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemCytokinesDNAFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGenomeHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansLiverMacaca fascicularisOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisOrganic Anion TransportersPhylogenyCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemCytokinesDNAOrganic Anion Transporters

Identifiers

PMID21862625
PMCPMC3202291
OpenAlexW2105453683

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.