ArticlePsychopharmacology2012
The role of conditioning history and reinforcer strength in the reinforcement enhancing effects of nicotine in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extinction of Nicotine and Cocaine Seeking in Rats Reveals Novel, Unique and Time-Dependent Molecular Adaptations in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Elucidating the reinforcing effects of nicotine: a tribute to Nadia Chaudhri.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Investigating sex differences and the effect of drug exposure order in the sensory reward-enhancing effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine alone and in combination.Neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Stimulus functions of nicotine.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Flavor additives facilitate oral self-administration of nicotine solution in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Tobacco smoking may delay habituation of reinforcer effectiveness in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Orbitofrontal participation in sign- and goal-tracking conditioned responses: Effects of nicotine.Neuropharmacology · 2017Article
- Nicotine Acutely Enhances Reinforcement from Non-Drug Rewards in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Advances in Behavioral Laboratory Methods that Inform Tobacco Regulatory Science: A TCORS Working Group Special Issue.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
- Nicotine Enhances Footshock- and Lithium Chloride-Conditioned Place Avoidance in Male Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
- Potential sex differences in the pattern of sensory reinforcers enhanced by nicotine.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Individual variation in the motivational properties of a nicotine cue: sign-trackers vs. goal-trackers.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Behavioral mechanisms underlying nicotine reinforcement.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2015Review
- Quantifying nicotine's value-enhancement effect using a behavioral economic approach.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2014Article
- The incentive amplifying effects of nicotine are reduced by selective and non-selective dopamine antagonists in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2014Article
- Nicotine enhances the expression of a sucrose or cocaine conditioned place preference in adult male rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2014Article
- The effects of nicotine exposure during Pavlovian conditioning in rats on several measures of incentive motivation for a conditioned stimulus paired with water.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The form of a conditioned stimulus can influence the degree to which it acquires incentive motivational properties.PloS one · 2014Article
- Nicotine enhances operant responding for qualitatively distinct reinforcers under maintenance and extinction conditions.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013Article
- Influence of reinforcer magnitude and nicotine amount on smoking's acute reinforcement enhancing effects.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleNicotine (NIC) administration can increase behaviors that result in delivery of non-drug reinforcers (e.g., salient sensory stimuli). However, little is known about the circumstances under which NIC increases these behaviors.
objectiveThe present studies sought to extend the reinforcement enhancing effects of NIC to sucrose rewards for which intensity could be systematically manipulated.
methodIn Experiment 1, rats were trained to respond for sucrose (30% w/v) on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement and were pretreated with NIC (0.4 mg/kg free-base) or physiological saline (SAL). The intensity of the sucrose reward was manipulated over subsequent testing sessions (0-60% w/v). Similar procedures were used in Experiment 2; however, each subject received only one sucrose concentration (0-20%) to control for conditioning history. In Experiment 3, a fixed ratio 3 (FR3) schedule of reinforcement was used to investigate putative activating effects of NIC. Experiment 4 investigated whether NIC pretreatment would reduce sucrose intake in limited-access drinks.
resultsIn Experiment 1, NIC increased the motivation to obtain all sucrose concentrations, including water. However, when conditioning history was controlled (Experiment 2) the reinforcement enhancing effects of NIC were systematically related to the strength of the reinforcer. In Experiment 3, NIC neither increased nor decreased responding for sucrose. In Experiment 4, NIC reduced sucrose intake, but only at concentrations that resulted in peak drink volumes (5-20%).
conclusionThe results suggest that the reinforcement enhancing effects of NIC depend on conditioning history and do not appear to be the result of simple behavioral activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.