Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21860053›Full record

Trial reportSchizophrenia bulletin2011

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia as primary target of cognitive behavioral therapy: results of the randomized clinical TONES study.

Stefan Klingberg, Wolfgang Wölwer, Corinna Engel, Andreas Wittorf, Jutta Herrlich, Christoph Meisner, Gerhard Buchkremer, Georg Wiedemann

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Treating Pathologies of the Will.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stefan KlingbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. stefan.klingberg@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Wolfgang Wölwer
Corinna Engel
Andreas Wittorf
Jutta Herrlich
Christoph Meisner
Gerhard Buchkremer
Georg Wiedemann

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clinical studies on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that include schizophrenia patients primarily on the basis of negative symptoms are uncommon. However, those studies are necessary to assess the efficacy of CBT on negative symptoms. This article first gives an overview of CBT on negative symptoms and discusses the methodological problems of selecting an adequate control group. Furthermore, the article describes a clinical study (the TONES-Study, ISRCTN 25455020), which aims to investigate whether CBT is specifically efficacious for the reduction of negative symptoms. This multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing CBT with cognitive remediation (CR) for control of nonspecific effects is depicted in detail. In our trial, schizophrenia patients (n = 198) participated in manualized individual outpatient treatments. Primary outcome is the negative syndrome assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale, analyzed with multilevel linear mixed models. Patients in both groups moderately improved regarding the primary endpoint. However, against expectation, there was no difference between the groups after treatment in the intention to treat as well as in the per-protocol analysis. In conclusion, psychotherapeutic intervention may be useful for the reduction of negative symptoms. However, there is no indication for specific effects of CBT compared with CR.

Indexed as

Schizophrenic PsychologyAdultCognitive Behavioral TherapyEndpoint DeterminationFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesResearch DesignSchizophreniaSingle-Blind MethodTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID21860053
PMCPMC3160126

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.