ReviewAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011
Carbapenems: past, present, and future.
Review in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 655 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
655 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,468 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of data on the resistance of uropathogens to sulopenem.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Drug-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from intensive care unit patients in Iran: a systematic review (2014-2025).Molecular biology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Surveillance of carbapenem resistance in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Emergence ofVirulence · 2026Article
- A multi-site observational study of rationality assessment for carbapenem use in China: carbapenem stewardship opportunities.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Chelate-conjugated β-lactams resensitize metallo-β-lactamase IMP-1-producing gram-negative bacteria against carbapenem antibiotics.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with a Lateral Flow Dipstick for Detection of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Europe: Surveillance Challenges, Emerging Threats and Public Health Preparedness.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Role of Pyrrolidine in Antibacterial Drug Discovery: Clinically Approved Antibiotics, Novel Derivatives, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genome sequence and annotation ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Covalent inhibition of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and NDM-5 by 3-bromopyruvate.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance of Serratia marcescens Recovered From Aquatic Environments: A Review.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Review
- What's in a Name? Etymology and History of Antibacterials and Antifungals.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Biofunctional Surface Modification of Polymeric Implants for Biomedical Applications.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- Impact of Imipenem on Cognitive Function, Anxiety-like Behaviour, Neurogenesis, and Astrogliosis in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Rats.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Time-Dependent Degradation of Imipenem in Aqueous Solution and Its Impact on Antibacterial Activity.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Covalent Inhibitors in Antimicrobial Drug Development-Beyond β-Lactams.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pre-Target Interception Defines Carbapenem Failure in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: A Mechanistic Framework for Spatiotemporal Drug Reprogramming.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
595 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current "state of the art" of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the β-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases, in some cases act as "slow substrates" or inhibitors of β-lactamases, and still target penicillin binding proteins. This "value-added feature" of inhibiting β-lactamases serves as a major rationale for expansion of this class of β-lactams. We describe the initial discovery and development of the carbapenem family of β-lactams. Of the early carbapenems evaluated, thienamycin demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity and became the parent compound for all subsequent carbapenems. To date, more than 80 compounds with mostly improved antimicrobial properties, compared to those of thienamycin, are described in the literature. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges and urge the medicinal chemist to continue development of these versatile and potent compounds, as they have served us well for more than 3 decades.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.