Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21859856›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2011

SadA, a trimeric autotransporter from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, can promote biofilm formation and provides limited protection against infection.

Dhaarini Raghunathan, Timothy J Wells, Faye C Morris, Robert K Shaw, Saeeda Bobat, Sarah E Peters, Gavin K Paterson, Karina Tveen Jensen, Denisse L Leyton, Jessica M A Blair and 13 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The role of adhesins ofGut microbes · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. SeaB is a conservedInfection and immunity · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Functional loss ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Dhaarini RaghunathanSchool of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Timothy J Wells
Faye C Morris
Robert K Shaw
Saeeda Bobat
Sarah E Peters
Gavin K Paterson
Karina Tveen Jensen
Denisse L Leyton
Jessica M A Blair
Douglas F Browning
John Pravin
Adriana Flores-Langarica
Jessica R Hitchcock
Claudia T P Moraes
Roxane M F Piazza
Duncan J Maskell
Mark A Webber
Robin C May
Calman A MacLennan
Laura J Piddock
Adam F Cunningham
Ian R Henderson
University of Birmingham · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBInstituto Butantan · BRImperial College London · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council APG19115Medical Research Council G0701275Medical Research Council G0900857Medical Research Council G9818340Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and mortality in children and immunocompromised individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Outer membrane proteins of Salmonella are of significance because they are at the interface between the pathogen and the host, they can contribute to adherence, colonization, and virulence, and they are frequently targets of antibody-mediated immunity. In this study, the properties of SadA, a purported trimeric autotransporter adhesin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, were examined. We demonstrated that SadA is exposed on the Salmonella cell surface in vitro and in vivo during infection of mice. Expression of SadA resulted in cell aggregation, biofilm formation, and increased adhesion to human intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells. Immunization of mice with folded, full-length, purified SadA elicited an IgG response which provided limited protection against bacterial challenge. When anti-SadA IgG titers were enhanced by administering alum-precipitated protein, a modest additional protection was afforded. Therefore, despite SadA having pleiotropic functions, it is not a dominant, protective antigen for antibody-mediated protection against Salmonella.

Indexed as

BiofilmsAdhesins, BacterialAlum CompoundsAnimalsBacterial AdhesionCaco-2 CellsEscherichia coli K12Gene Expression Regulation, BacterialHumansImmunoglobulin GMembrane ProteinsMicePhylogenySalmonella typhimuriumVirulenceAdhesins, BacterialAlum Compoundsaluminum sulfateImmunoglobulin GMembrane Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21859856
PMCPMC3257908
OpenAlexW2149439008

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.