ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Vaccine immunity to coccidioidomycosis occurs by early activation of three signal pathways of T helper cell response (Th1, Th2, and Th17).
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like neutrophils induced by pulmonary infection withmBio · 2026Article
- Th2 skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Immune-Based Prevention and Therapy Against Coccidioidomycosis: Current and Emerging Approaches.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell-type-specific responses tomBio · 2025Article
- Type-2 immune skewing in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- From soil to clinic: current advances in understandingMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Fungal vaccines and adjuvants: a tool to reveal the interaction between host and fungi.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- The Host Response to Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- The IL-17 family in diseases: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Coccidioidomycosis and Host Microbiome Interactions: What We Know and What We Can Infer from Other Respiratory Infections.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Development in Mice with Chronic Lung Exposure to Coccidioides Fungal Arthroconidia.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Advocating for Coccidioidomycosis to Be a Reportable Disease Nationwide in the United States and Encouraging Disease Surveillance across North and South America.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of anti-fungal vaccines as a tool against emerging anti-fungal resistance.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2023Review
- They shall not grow mold: Soldiers of innate and adaptive immunity to fungi.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- GM-CSFCell reports · 2022Article
- Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Activation and Polarization in Response toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously reported that C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with a live, attenuated mutant of Coccidioides posadasii, referred to as the ΔT vaccine, are fully protected against pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. This model was used here to explore the nature of vaccine immunity during the initial 2-week period after intranasal challenge. Elevated neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration into the lungs of nonvaccinated mice contrasted with markedly reduced recruitment of these cells in vaccinated animals. The numbers of lung-infiltrated macrophages and dendritic cells showed a progressive increase in vaccinated mice and corresponded with reduction of the lung infection. Concentrations of selected inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were initially higher in lung homogenates of vaccinated mice but then generally decreased at 14 days postchallenge in correlation with containment of the organism and apparent dampening of the inflammation of host tissue. Profiles of cytokines detected in lung homogenates of ΔT-vaccinated mice were indicative of a mixed T helper 1 (Th1)-, Th2-, and Th17-type immune response, a conclusion which was supported by detection of lung infiltration of activated T cells with the respective CD4(+) gamma interferon (IFN-γ)(+), CD4(+) interleukin-5 (IL-5)(+), and CD4(+) IL-17A(+) phenotypes. While Th1 and Th2 immunity was separately dispensed of by genetic manipulation without loss of ΔT vaccine-mediated protection, loss of functional Th17 cells resulted in increased susceptibility to infection in immunized mice. Characterization of the early events of protective immunity to Coccidioides infection in vaccinated mice contributes to the identification of surrogates of immune defense and provides potential insights into the design of immunotherapeutic protocols for treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.