Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21858544›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2011

Interactions between parents/carers of pre-school children and pharmacy staff when buying non-prescription medicines.

Helen F Boardman, Nicola J Gray, B Sue Symonds

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Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Helen F BoardmanSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. helen.boardman@nottingham.ac.uk
Nicola J Gray
B Sue Symonds
University of Nottingham · GBUniversity of Central Lancashire · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveLittle is known about the interactions between pharmacy staff and parents/carers who buy nonprescription medicines for children. Responsibility for choice and administration of children's medicines falls to the parent/carer. Pharmacy advice should support safe and effective use of medicines for children. This paper explores the interactions between pharmacy staff and purchasers of children's medicines, in terms of questioning and advice giving.

settingThirty-nine community pharmacies across four Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in England.

methodsA self-completion survey and a subset of semi-structured telephone interviews were undertaken with parents/carers buying oral medicines for children aged 0-4 years.

main outcome measureFrequency and type of questioning and advice given by pharmacy staff to parents purchasing nonprescription medicines.

resultsOne hundred and thirty-four surveys and thirty-four interviews were completed: most participants were 25-44 year-old women. The majority (85%) reported being questioned, most often by medicines counter assistants, to establish the safety and suitability of the medicine. Three key questions (whether the medicine had been used before, the age of the child, and concurrent medicines), however, were not always asked. Interviews revealed self-perceptions of 'expert' and 'novice' users, depending on experience with the medicine purchased. This seemed to affect their perception of their need for questioning and advice from pharmacy staff.

conclusionInteractions in the pharmacy involving the purchase of medicines for young children are varied with regard to questioning and advice given. This study has found that key questions are not always asked before a medicine is sold, and advice about using the medicine was given in just over one-third of encounters. Parents/carers also identified a range of additional information they would like to have received with their medicine: there was, however, no clear pattern to the type of information they would like. Parents reflected on the questioning and advice in terms of their self-perception of expertise with the medicine. Both pharmacists and their assistants should adopt a flexible questioning approach based on parents/carers' advice and information needs that respects expertise, but does not assume it.

Indexed as

Professional-Family RelationsAdultCaregiversChild, PreschoolCommunity Pharmacy ServicesConsumer Health InformationFemaleHealth Care SurveysHumansInfantMaleNonprescription DrugsParentsNonprescription Drugs

Identifiers

PMID21858544
OpenAlexW1967467998

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.