ArticlePloS one2011
The role of RamA on the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- The molecular mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Salmonella: a review.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Drug resistance and physiological roles of RND multidrug efflux pumps inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Genome-wide analysis of genes involved in efflux function and regulation withinMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- RamA, a transcriptional regulator conferring florfenicol resistance in Leclercia adecarboxylata R25.Folia microbiologica · 2020Article
- Transcriptional regulation of drug resistance mechanisms in Salmonella: where we stand and what we need to know.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2020Review
- Overexpression of RamA, Which Regulates Production of the Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump AcrAB-TolC, Increases Mutation Rate and Influences Drug Resistance Phenotype.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- MarA, RamA, and SoxS as Mediators of the Stress Response: Survival at a Cost.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Combination of berberine and ciprofloxacin reduces multi-resistantJournal of veterinary science · 2018Article
- Role of Efflux Pumps in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Efflux Pump Overexpression Contributes to Tigecycline Heteroresistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Effect of Tulathromycin on Colonization Resistance, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence of Human Gut Microbiota in Chemostats.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Structure based in silico analysis of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from India.PloS one · 2015Article
- Polymorphic variation in susceptibility and metabolism of triclosan-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains obtained after exposure to biocides and antibiotics.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Adaptation of mycoplasmas to antimicrobial agents: Acholeplasma laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediate the export of ciprofloxacin and a mutant gene related to the antibiotic target.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2014Article
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8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Active efflux pump is a primary fluoroquinolone resistant mechanism of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. RamA is an essential element in producing multidrug resistant (MDR) S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the roles of RamA on the development of ciprofloxacin, the first choice for the treatment of salmonellosis, resistance in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Spontaneous mutants were selected via several passages of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium CVCC541 susceptible strain (ST) on M-H agar with increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Accumulation of ciprofloxacin was tested by the modified fluorometric method. The expression levels of MDR efflux pumps were determined by real time RT-PCR. In ST and its spontaneous mutants, the ramA gene was inactivated by insertion of the kan gene and compensated on a recombinant plasmid pGEXΦ(gst-ramA). The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant frequencies of ciprofloxacin against ST and a spontaneous mutant in the presence, absence and overexpression of RamA were tested. Four spontaneous mutants (SI1-SI4) were obtained. The SI1 (CIP MICs, 0.1 mg/L) without any target site mutation in its quinolone resistant determining regions (QRDRs) and SI3 (CIP MICs, 16 mg/L) harboring the Ser83→Phe mutation in its QRDR of GyrA strains exhibited reduced susceptibility and resistance to multidrugs, respectively. In SI1, RamA was the main factor that controlled the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin by activating MdtK as well as increasing the expression level of acrAB. In SI3, RamA played predominant role in ciprofloxacin resistance via increasing the expression level of acrAB. Likewise, the deficiency of RamA decreased the MPCs and mutant frequencies of ST and SI2 to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the expression of RamA promoted the development of ciprofloxacin resistant mutants of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. The inhibition of RamA could decrease the appearance of the ciprofloxacin resistant mutants.
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