ReviewMicrobial biotechnology2012
Nanoparticles for transcutaneous vaccination.
Review in Microbial biotechnology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Enhanced Transdermal Immunization via Solid-in-Oil Nanodispersions Incorporating Dendritic Cell-Targeting Peptide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Coated nanoparticles enhance immune efficacy of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles by activating Th1/Th2/Th17 responses.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Delivery of nucleic acids using nanomaterials.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Short Carbon Nanotube-Based Delivery of mRNA for HIV-1 Vaccines.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Nanovaccines: Merits, and diverse roles in boosting antitumor immune responses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Nanocarriers for Skin Applications: Where Do We Stand?Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Review
- Antigen Uptake After Intradermal Microinjection Depends on Antigen Nature and Formulation, but Not on Injection Depth.Frontiers in allergy · 2021Article
- Current Progress in Particle-Based Systems for Transdermal Vaccine Delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- In vivo quantification of quantum dot systemic transport in C57BL/6 hairless mice following skin application post-ultraviolet radiation.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2017Article
- Nanoparticle-Enabled Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Dose Control and Tissue Targeting.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Is There an Optimal Formulation and Delivery Strategy for Subunit Vaccines?Pharmaceutical research · 2016Review
- Induction of mucosal immunity through systemic immunization: Phantom or reality?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Utilization of biodegradable polymeric materials as delivery agents in dermatology.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2014Review
- Particle based vaccine formulations for transcutaneous immunization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2013Review
- Article
- Frontiers of transcutaneous vaccination systems: novel technologies and devices for vaccine delivery.Vaccine · 2013Review
- Single-dose microparticle delivery of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine elicits a long-lasting functional antibody response.Current molecular medicine · 2013Article
- Vaccines: from empirical development to rational design.PLoS pathogens · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The living epidermis and dermis are rich in antigen presenting cells (APCs). Their activation can elicit a strong humoral and cellular immune response as well as mucosal immunity. Therefore, the skin is a very attractive site for vaccination, and an intradermal application of antigen may be much more effective than a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. However, the stratum corneum (SC) is a most effective barrier against the invasion of topically applied vaccines. Products which have reached the stage of clinical testing, avoid this problem by injecting the nano-vaccine intradermally or by employing a barrier disrupting method and applying the vaccine to a relatively large skin area. Needle-free vaccination is desirable from a number of aspects: ease of application, improved patient acceptance and less risk of infection among them. Nanocarriers can be designed in a way that they can overcome the SC. Also incorporation into nanocarriers protects instable antigen from degradation, improves uptake and processing by APCs, and facilitates endosomal escape and nuclear delivery of DNA vaccines. In addition, sustained release systems may build a depot in the tissue gradually releasing antigen which may avoid booster doses. Therefore, nanoformulations of vaccines for transcutaneous immunization are currently a very dynamic field of research. Among the huge variety of nanocarrier systems that are investigated hopes lie on ultra-flexible liposomes, superfine rigid nanoparticles and nanocarriers, which are taken up by hair follicles. The potential and pitfalls associated with these three classes of carriers will be discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.