ReviewOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2012
Epidemiology and structural basis of racial differences in fragility fractures in Chinese and Caucasians.
Review in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of related fractures in developed economies in the Asia Pacific region: a systematic review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023Pooled it
- A single nucleotide polymorphism in the TGF-β1 gene (rs1982073 C>T) may contribute to increased risks of bone fracture, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2016Pooled it
- Common polymorphism in the LRP5 gene may increase the risk of bone fracture and osteoporosis.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- Spatial Differences in the Distribution of Bone Between Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Fractures.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- The recurrence of osteoporotic fractures among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- A machine learning tool for predicting newly diagnosed osteoporosis in primary healthcare in the Stockholm Region.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparisons of reference curves for femoral neck geometric parameters between Changsha-Chinese women and women of three ethnic groups in the United States.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Subsequent fracture risk in Norwegians and immigrants with an index forearm fracture: a cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Article
- Economic evaluation of four treatment strategies for postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis and a recent fracture in mainland China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2023Article
- Ethnic determinants of skeletal health in female patients with fragility fracture in a culturally diverse population.Bone reports · 2023Article
- Current and Future Burden of Hip and Vertebral Fractures in Asia.Yonago acta medica · 2021Review
- Sex-related variations in cortical and trabecular bone of the femoral neck in an elderly Chinese population.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Article
- Expected lifetime numbers, risks, and burden of osteoporotic fractures for 50-year old Chinese women: a discrete event simulation incorporating FRAX.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2016Article
- Geographic and ethnic disparities in osteoporotic fractures.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2014Review
- Cortical hand bone porosity and its association with distal radius fracture in middle aged and elderly women.PloS one · 2013Article
- Racial disparity in fracture risk between white and nonwhite children in the United States.The Journal of pediatrics · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chinese have similar vertebral fracture prevalence but lower incidence of hip and distal forearm fractures than in Caucasians. The underlying structural and biomechanical basis of racial differences in bone fragility is still largely undefined but Chinese assemble their smaller appendicular skeleton with thicker cortices and trabeculae compared with Caucasians. Vertebral fracture prevalence is similar by race, but the incidence of hip and distal forearm fractures is lower in Chinese than in Caucasians. This racial dimorphism cannot be explained by differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as aBMD is lower in Chinese mainly due to their smaller size. The underlying structural and biomechanical basis of racial differences in bone fragility is still largely undefined but Chinese assemble their smaller appendicular skeleton with more mineralised bone matrix within it; the cortices are thicker and perhaps less porous while trabeculae are fewer but thicker and more connected. This configuration produces a bone with a lower surface/volume ratio, which in turn reduces the surface available for remodelling to occur upon so that the lower surface/volume ratio may make the bone less exposed to remodelling and the thicker cortices and trabeculae less vulnerable to remodelling when it does occur during advancing age. However, prospective studies are needed to define racial differences at the age of onset, rate of bone loss from the intracortical, endocortical and trabecular components of the endosteal envelope and bone formation upon the periosteal envelope; notions of bone 'loss' are derived mainly from cross-sectional studies. Studies of the site- and surface-specific changes in bone modelling and remodelling are needed to better define racial differences in bone fragility in old age.
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