ArticleAmerican journal of public health2012
Secondhand tobacco smoke: a source of lead exposure in US children and adolescents.
Article in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05016505 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum cotinine cut-points for secondhand smoke exposure assessment in children under 5 years: A systemic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Metal/Metalloid Levels in Electronic Cigarette Liquids, Aerosols, and Human Biosamples: A Systematic Review.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Relationships of the serum levels of toxic trace elements in pregnant women versus exposure to second-hand smoke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of elevated blood lead levels in 0-6-year-old children: a national cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between urinary heavy metal mixtures and overactive bladder risk in the U.S. adult population: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Distributions and Trends of the Global Burden of DKD Attributable to Lead Exposure: A Systematic Analysis of GBD from 1990 to 2019.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Differential effects of environmental exposures on clinically relevant endophenotypes between sexes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lead Decreases Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) Expression and Increases Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth in a Sex-Divergent Manner.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Sources of exposure to lead in Arctic and subarctic regions: a scoping review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased levels of metals in children's saliva.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- The contribution of secondhand tobacco smoke to blood lead levels in US children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2015-2018.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Early Life Environmental Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic and Age at Menarche: A Longitudinal Mother-Child Cohort Study in Bangladesh.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Blood cadmium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium levels in American Indian populations: The Strong Heart Study.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Patterns of Children's Blood Lead Screening and Blood Lead Levels in North Carolina, 2011-2018-Who Is Tested, Who Is Missed?Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Association of peripubertal blood lead levels with reproductive hormones and semen parameters in a longitudinal cohort of Russian men.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations.Environmental epigenetics · 2022Review
- Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals Through Breast Milk Consumption in Saudi Arabia.Biological trace element research · 2021Article
- Exploring persistent racial/ethnic disparities in lead exposure among American children aged 1-5 years: results from NHANES 1999-2016.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe evaluated the relationship between secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure and blood lead levels in US children and adolescents.
methodsWe analyzed data from 6830 participants aged 3-19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) who were not active smokers and for whom SHS exposure information and blood lead measurements were available.
resultsAfter multivariable adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of serum cotinine (≥ 0.44 μg/L) had 28% (95% confidence interval = 21%, 36%) higher blood lead levels than had those in the lowest quartile (< 0.03 μg/L). Similarly, blood lead levels were 14% and 24% higher in children who lived with 1 or with 2 or more smokers, respectively, than they were in children living with no smokers. Among participants for whom lead dust information was available, the associations between SHS and blood lead levels were similar before and after adjustment for lead dust concentrations.
conclusionsSHS may contribute to increased blood lead levels in US children. Lead dust does not appear to mediate this association, suggesting inhalation as a major pathway of exposure. Eliminating SHS exposure could reduce lead exposure in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.