ReviewAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2011
Anthrax infection.
Review in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Death or Meningitis in Adults Hospitalized for Cutaneous Anthrax, 1950-2018: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Advances in detecting category A biothreat agents: Toward symptom-driven sensing strategies.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Molecular Characterization, SNP-Based Strain Profiling, and Seroprevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Anthrax outbreak associated with the consumption and handling of carcasses of livestock that suddenly died, Kanungu District, Uganda, June-November 2024.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Infectious medical waste (IMW) and disease transmission: A critical public health challenge in Africa and the global implications - A systematic review.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Enhancing bioinformatics engineering by utilizing graph therapeutic properties for clinically approved antitoxin drugs in zoonotic diseases.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human anthrax vaccines: Current status and future prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Anthrax outbreak linked to consumption and handling of meat from unexpectedly deceased cattle, Kyotera district, Uganda, June-December 2023.One health outlook · 2025Article
- The Anthrax Toxin Lethal Factor in Solution Does Not Have the Protein's Crystallized Structure.Toxins · 2025Article
- Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets Against Anthrax-Toxin-Induced Liver and Heart Damage.Toxins · 2025Article
- Biosensors and Bioassays for the Medical Detection ofCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitude and practice related to anthrax among livestock farmers in West Kazakhstan.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Upper Limb Compartment Syndrome-An Extremely Rare Life-Threatening Complication of Cutaneous Anthrax.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Anthrax lethal toxin and tumor necrosis factor-α synergize on intestinal epithelia to induce mouse death.Protein & cell · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Article
- Structure and function of the EA1 surface layer of Bacillus anthracis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Development of a New Cell-Based AP-1 Gene Reporter Potency Assay for Anti-Anthrax Toxin Therapeutics.Toxins · 2023Article
- A Case Report of Cutaneous Anthrax Diagnosed by Using a Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) Approach.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Role of serine/threonine protein phosphatase PrpN in the life cycle of Bacillus anthracis.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis infection is rare in developed countries. However, recent outbreaks in the United States and Europe and the potential use of the bacteria for bioterrorism have focused interest on it. Furthermore, although anthrax was known to typically occur as one of three syndromes related to entry site of (i.e., cutaneous, gastrointestinal, or inhalational), a fourth syndrome including severe soft tissue infection in injectional drug users is emerging. Although shock has been described with cutaneous anthrax, it appears much more common with gastrointestinal, inhalational (5 of 11 patients in the 2001 outbreak in the United States), and injectional anthrax. Based in part on case series, the estimated mortalities of cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalational, and injectional anthrax are 1%, 25 to 60%, 46%, and 33%, respectively. Nonspecific early symptomatology makes initial identification of anthrax cases difficult. Clues to anthrax infection include history of exposure to herbivore animal products, heroin use, or clustering of patients with similar respiratory symptoms concerning for a bioterrorist event. Once anthrax is suspected, the diagnosis can usually be made with Gram stain and culture from blood or surgical specimens followed by confirmatory testing (e.g., PCR or immunohistochemistry). Although antibiotic therapy (largely quinolone-based) is the mainstay of anthrax treatment, the use of adjunctive therapies such as anthrax toxin antagonists is a consideration.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.