Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21852486›Full record

ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.)2011

Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old.

Adele Diamond, Kathleen Lee

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 797 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
797citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05668195 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Research and Promotion of Systematic Aerobic Exercise and Intelligent Monitoring System in Executive Skill Training for School-aged Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorChen LiRan2022 to 2024Enrolled200ConditionsADHDArmssystematic aerobic exercise and intelligent monitoring system in executive skill training, executive skill training
NCT05794360 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of the Impact of School-based Sport Research Program on Children's Physical Activity, Executive Function, and Academic Achievement

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of HoustonRan2022 to 2022Enrolled257ConditionsPhysical InactivityArmsACtive Children Enhance LEaRning and AttenTION (ACCELERATION)
NCT06496503 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of a School Intervention With Physical Activity on Executive Functions and Relationships With Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Motor Coordination: Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorState University of LondrinaRan2024 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsHealthy LifestyleArmsPhysical activity Protocol
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

797 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Effects of movement behaviors on preschoolers' cognition: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
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  13. Executive functions in preschool and school-age cochlear implant users: do they differ from their hearing peers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024
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737 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Adele DiamondUniversity of British Columbia and Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada. adele.diamond@ubc.ca
Kathleen Lee

Funding

Autism and the Development of Relational AwarenessR01MH071893 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI DIAMOND, ADELE D · 2007 to 2011
$3.1M
Cognitive Functions Linked to Frontal LobeR01DA019685 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI DIAMOND, ADELE D · 2004 to 2009
$1.2M
NIDA NIH HHS DA19685NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019685NIMH NIH HHS MH 071893NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071893
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To be successful takes creativity, flexibility, self-control, and discipline. Central to all those are executive functions, including mentally playing with ideas, giving a considered rather than an impulsive response, and staying focused. Diverse activities have been shown to improve children's executive functions: computerized training, noncomputerized games, aerobics, martial arts, yoga, mindfulness, and school curricula. All successful programs involve repeated practice and progressively increase the challenge to executive functions. Children with worse executive functions benefit most from these activities; thus, early executive-function training may avert widening achievement gaps later. To improve executive functions, focusing narrowly on them may not be as effective as also addressing emotional and social development (as do curricula that improve executive functions) and physical development (shown by positive effects of aerobics, martial arts, and yoga).

Indexed as

Executive FunctionChildChild, PreschoolComputersCurriculumEmotionsFemaleHumansLearningMaleMartial ArtsMemory, Short-Term

Identifiers

PMID21852486
PMCPMC3159917

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.