ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2011
High lifetime pregnancy and low contraceptive usage among sex workers who use drugs- an unmet reproductive health need.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contraceptive use and method choice among women with opioid and other substance use disorders: A systematic review.Preventive medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Reproductive health considerations for HIV prevention integrated care models for women who inject drugs: Qualitative perspective of participants and providers in HIV Prevention Trials Network 094.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Using the Candidacy Framework to Explore Access to NHS Healthcare for Street Sex Workers in Sheffield: An Ethnography and Art-Based Research Project.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Difficulty accessing contraceptives in a 2010-2022 prospective cohort of sex workers in Vancouver, Canada: intersectional influence of im/migration status and racialization.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pregnancy, unintended pregnancy, poor pregnancy outcome and its associated factors among female sex workers in Cameroon.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Infective Endocarditis Among Women Who Inject Drugs.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Reproductive healthcare utilization for women in the sex trade: a qualitative study.Israel journal of health policy research · 2024Article
- Programs and practices that support pregnant people who use drugs' access to sexual and reproductive health care in Canada: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Prevalence and structural correlates of HIV and STI testing among a community-based cohort of women sex workers in Vancouver Canada.PloS one · 2023Article
- Street youths: reproductive health risk status, reproductive health challenges and barriers to health services utilization in a southwestern City, Nigeria.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Sex workers as mothers: Correlates of engagement in sex work to support children.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2021Article
- Health consequences of child removal among Indigenous and non-Indigenous sex workers: Examining trajectories, mechanisms and resiliencies.Sociology of health & illness · 2021Article
- A Qualitative Exploration of Women's Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy Across Six Cities in the Women's Interagency HIV Study: Intersections with Current and Past Injectable Medication and Substance Use.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Article
- Correlates of trichomoniasis among female sex workers who inject drugs in two Mexico-US border cities.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2020Article
- Article
- Family Separation and Maternal Self-rated Health: Evidence from a Prospective Cohort of Marginalized Mothers in a Canadian Setting.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Article
- Contraceptive utilization among new exotic dancers: a cross-sectional study.Harm reduction journal · 2018Article
- Stigma and unmet sexual and reproductive health needs among international migrant sex workers at the Mexico-Guatemala border.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to describe levels of pregnancy and contraceptive usage among a cohort of street-based female sex workers (FSWs) in Vancouver.
methodsThe study sample was obtained from a community-based prospective cohort study (2006-2008) of 211 women in street-based sex work who use drugs, 176 of whom had reported at least one prior pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate lifetime pregnancy prevalence, pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, abortion, adoption, child apprehension, child custody), and contraceptive usage. In secondary analyses, associations between contraceptive usage, individual and interpersonal risk factors and high number of lifetime pregnancies (defined as greater than the sample mean of 4) were examined.
resultsAmong our sample, 84% reported a prior pregnancy, with a mean of 4 lifetime pregnancies (median = 3; IQR: 2-5). The median age of women reporting 5+ pregnancies was 38 years old [interquartile range (IQR): 25.0-39.0] compared to 34 years [IQR: 25.0-39.0] among women reporting 4 or fewer prior pregnancies. 45% were Caucasian and 47% were of Aboriginal ancestry. We observed high rates of previous abortion (median = 1;IQR:1-3), apprehension (median = 2; IQR:1-4) and adoption (median = 1; IQR:1-2) among FSWs who reported prior pregnancy. The use of hormonal and insertive contraceptives was limited. In bivariate analysis, tubal ligation (OR = 2.49; [95%CI = 1.14-5.45]), and permanent contraceptives (e.g., tubal ligation and hysterectomy) (OR = 2.76; [95%CI = 1.36-5.59]) were both significantly associated with having five or more pregnancies.
conclusionThese findings demonstrate high levels of unwanted pregnancy in the context of low utilization of effective contraceptives and suggest a need to improve the accessibility and utilization of reproductive health services, including family planning, which are appropriately targeted and tailored for FSWs in Vancouver.
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