ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2012
Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia.
Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment.Population health metrics · 2021Pooled it
- Incidence of viral infection detected by PCR and real-time PCR in childhood community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2015Pooled it
- Metagenomic insights into respiratory viral signatures in lower respiratory tract infections with and without respiratory failure.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period.Virulence · 2024Article
- Pathogenic Role of Human Rhinovirus Mono-Infection in Pediatric Lower Respiratory Tract Infection.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Pathogen spectra in hospitalised and nonhospitalised children with community-acquired pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- A cooperativity between virus and bacteria during respiratory infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of viral and bacterial infection in rhinovirus pneumonia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Comprehensive virome analysis of the viral spectrum in paediatric patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Article
- Overnutrition, Nasopharyngeal Pathogenic Bacteria and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Infants with Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Etiology and the challenge of diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Review
- Comparing variability in diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections in patients using syndromic, next generation sequencing, and PCR-based methods.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Novel Biomarkers Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infection in Febrile Children: Future Perspectives for Management in Clinical Praxis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Viral and Atypical Bacterial Detection in Young Nepalese Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Comprehensive Description of Pathogens and Antibiotic Treatment Guidance in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Using Combined Mass Spectrometry Methods.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence model for pneumonia from chest radiography.PloS one · 2021Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses and bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We identified 76 children hospitalized for pneumonia. Induced sputum samples were analysed for 18 viruses by antigen detection and PCR, and for six bacteria by culture and PCR. Viruses were found in 72% of samples, bacteria in 91%, and both in 66%. Rhinovirus (30%), human bocavirus (18%) and human metapneumovirus (14%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Two viruses were found in 22% of samples and three in 8%. The most common bacteria found were Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%), Haemophilus influenzae (38%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (28%). Rhinovirus-S. pneumoniae was the most commonly found combination of virus and bacterium (16%). All six children with treatment failure had both viruses and bacteria detected in the sputum. Otherwise, we found no special clinical characteristics in those with mixed viral-bacterial detections. With modern molecular diagnostic techniques, there are high rates of both viral and bacterial identification in childhood CAP. The clinical significance of mixed viral-bacterial infections remains unclear, although we found a potential association between them and treatment failure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.