ArticlePloS one2011
CAF01 potentiates immune responses and efficacy of an inactivated influenza vaccine in ferrets.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Dose-sparing effects of novel adjuvants and aluminum hydroxide on two different vaccines in a neonatal mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Nanomedicine: New Frontiers in Fighting Microbial Infections.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- C-Type Lectins in Veterinary Species: Recent Advancements and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Influenza NG-34 T cell conserved epitope adjuvanted with CAF01 as a possible influenza vaccine candidate.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Cross-Protective Potential and Protection-Relevant Immune Mechanisms of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines Are Determined by Adjuvants and Route of Immunization.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Cellular immune response to human influenza viruses differs between H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in the ferret lung.PloS one · 2018Article
- Seasonal Influenza Split Vaccines Confer Partial Cross-Protection against Heterologous Influenza Virus in Ferrets When Combined with the CAF01 Adjuvant.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Different human vaccine adjuvants promote distinct antigen-independent immunological signatures tailored to different pathogens.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances.Therapeutic advances in vaccines · 2014Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIV) against influenza are given to 350 million people every year. Most of these are non-adjuvanted vaccines whose immunogenicity and protective efficacy are considered suboptimal. Commercially available non-adjuvanted TIV are known to elicit mainly a humoral immune response, whereas the induction of cell-mediated immune responses is negligible. Recently, a cationic liposomal adjuvant (dimethyldioctadecylammonium/trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate, CAF01) was developed. CAF01 has proven to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to a number of different experimental vaccine candidates. In this study, we compared the immune responses in ferrets to a commercially available TIV with the responses to the same vaccine mixed with the CAF01 adjuvant. Two recently circulating H1N1 viruses were used as challenge to test the vaccine efficacy. CAF01 improved the immunogenicity of the vaccine, with increased influenza-specific IgA and IgG levels. Additionally, CAF01 promoted cellular-mediated immunity as indicated by interferon-gamma expressing lymphocytes, measured by flow cytometry. CAF01 also enhanced the protection conferred by the vaccine by reducing the viral load measured in nasal washes by RT-PCR. Finally, CAF01 allowed for dose-reduction and led to higher levels of protection compared to TIV adjuvanted with a squalene emulsion. The data obtained in this human-relevant challenge model supports the potential of CAF01 in future influenza vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.