ArticleHuman heredity2011
A geographic cline of skull and brain morphology among individuals of European Ancestry.
Article in Human heredity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic analysis of quantitative phenotypes in AD and MCI: imaging, cognition and biomarkers.Brain imaging and behavior · 2014Pooled it
- The Potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Improving Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and Discussion of Mechanisms of Action.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Evolution of Plasticity in Brain Morphology.Brain, behavior and evolution · 2025Review
- A longitudinal study of the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts and attenuated structural brain development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Mean Intracranial Volume of Brain among Patients with Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Referred to the Department of Radiology and Imaging of a Tertiary Care Centre.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood.Brain structure & function · 2020Article
- Generalized Score Functions for Causal Discovery.KDD : proceedings. International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining · 2018Article
- Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- ENIGMA and the individual: Predicting factors that affect the brain in 35 countries worldwide.NeuroImage · 2017Review
- Adolescent Development of Cortical and White Matter Structure in the NCANDA Sample: Role of Sex, Ethnicity, Puberty, and Alcohol Drinking.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2016Article
- Modeling the 3D geometry of the cortical surface with genetic ancestry.Current biology : CB · 2015Article
- Revisiting classic clines in Drosophila melanogaster in the age of genomics.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2015Review
- 2014 Update of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: A review of papers published since its inception.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2015Review
- The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: a review of papers published since its inception.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman skull and brain morphology are strongly influenced by genetic factors, and skull size and shape vary worldwide. However, the relationship between specific brain morphology and genetically-determined ancestry is largely unknown.
methodsWe used two independent data sets to characterize variation in skull and brain morphology among individuals of European ancestry. The first data set is a historical sample of 1,170 male skulls with 37 shape measurements drawn from 27 European populations. The second data set includes 626 North American individuals of European ancestry participating in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with magnetic resonance imaging, height and weight, neurological diagnosis, and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data.
resultsWe found that both skull and brain morphological variation exhibit a population-genetic fingerprint among individuals of European ancestry. This fingerprint shows a Northwest to Southeast gradient, is independent of body size, and involves frontotemporal cortical regions.
conclusionOur findings are consistent with prior evidence for gene flow in Europe due to historical population movements and indicate that genetic background should be considered in studies seeking to identify genes involved in human cortical development and neuropsychiatric disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.