ArticleJournal of virology2011
The role of the blood-brain barrier during Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
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- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus: Structural Biology, Vaccines, and Advances in Functional Antibodies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Old World alphaviruses use distinct mechanisms to infect brain microvascular endothelial cells for neuroinvasion.Cell reports · 2025Article
- High binding potency overcomes the requirement of Fc effector functions for broadly reactive anti-alphavirus antibodies.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- The antiviral BDGR-49 provides protection from lethal, neurotropic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus intranasal infection in mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus: Pathogenesis, immune response, and clinical manifestations.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Syrian Hamsters Model Does Not Reflect Human-like Disease after Aerosol Exposure to Encephalitic Alphaviruses.Methods and protocols · 2024Article
- Understanding the link between neurotropic viruses, BBB permeability, and MS pathogenesis.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the complex interplay: immunopathology and immune evasion strategies of alphaviruses with emphasis on neurological implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Anticancer pan-ErbB inhibitors reduce inflammation and tissue injury and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Entry receptor LDLRAD3 is required for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus peripheral infection and neurotropism leading to pathogenesis in mice.Cell reports · 2023Article
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- The role of the blood-brain barrier during neurological disease and infection.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
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- Toll-like receptor 4 mediates blood-brain barrier permeability and disease in C3H mice during Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.Virulence · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus associated with sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in the Western Hemisphere. After the bite of an infected mosquito, the virus initiates a biphasic disease: a peripheral phase with viral replication in lymphoid and myeloid tissues, followed by a neurotropic phase with infection of central nervous system (CNS) neurons, causing neuropathology and in some cases fatal encephalitis. The mechanisms allowing VEE virus to enter the CNS are currently poorly understood. Previous data have shown that the virus gains access to the CNS by infecting olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal mucosa of mice. However, at day 5 after inoculation, the infection of the brain is multifocal, indicating that virus particles are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To better understand the role of the BBB during VEE virus infection, we used a well-characterized mouse model system. Using VEE virus replicon particles (VRP), we modeled the early events of neuroinvasion, showing that the replication of VRP in the nasal mucosa induced the opening of the BBB, allowing peripherally administered VRP to invade the brain. Peripheral VEE virus infection was characterized by a biphasic opening of the BBB. Further, inhibition of BBB opening resulted in a delayed viral neuroinvasion and pathogenesis. Overall, these results suggest that VEE virus initially enters the CNS through the olfactory pathways and initiates viral replication in the brain, which induces the opening of the BBB, allowing a second wave of invading virus from the periphery to enter the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.