ArticleJournal of virology2011
Determining the frequency and mechanisms of HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA copackaging by single-virion analysis.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elements in the 5' Untranslated Region of Viral RNA Important for HIV Gag Recognition and Cross-Packaging.Viruses · 2025Article
- Single-Virion Analysis: A Method to Visualize HIV-1 Particle Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- HIV-2 Immature Particle Morphology Provides Insights into Gag Lattice Stability and Virus Maturation.Journal of molecular biology · 2023Article
- Adaptation of HIV-1/HIV-2 Chimeras with Defects in Genome Packaging and Viral Replication.mBio · 2022Article
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Molecular Biology and Diversification of Human Retroviruses.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Specific Guanosines in the HIV-2 Leader RNA are Essential for Efficient Viral Genome Packaging.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- High sensitivity detection and sorting of infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) particles by flow virometry.Virology · 2017Article
- Lentiviral vectors can be used for full-length dystrophin gene therapy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Lentiviral vectors can be used for full-length dystrophin gene therapy.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Review
- Exploiting Genetic Interference for Antiviral Therapy.PLoS genetics · 2016Review
- The matrix domain contributes to the nucleic acid chaperone activity of HIV-2 Gag.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- HIV-1 RNA genome dimerizes on the plasma membrane in the presence of Gag protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Current techniques for visualizing RNA in cells.F1000Research · 2016Review
- Conserved determinants of lentiviral genome dimerization.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- Single molecule fluorescence approaches shed light on intracellular RNAs.Chemical reviews · 2014Review
- One influenza virus particle packages eight unique viral RNAs as shown by FISH analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- Application of live-cell RNA imaging techniques to the study of retroviral RNA trafficking.Viruses · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are derived from two distinct primate viruses and share only limited sequence identity. Despite this, HIV-1 and HIV-2 Gag polyproteins can coassemble into the same particle and their genomes can undergo recombination, albeit at an extremely low frequency, implying that HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA can be copackaged into the same particle. To determine the frequency of HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA copackaging and to dissect the mechanisms that allow the heterologous RNA copackaging, we directly visualized the RNA content of each particle by using RNA-binding proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins to label the viral genomes. We found that when HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA are present in viral particles at similar ratios, ∼10% of the viral particles encapsidate both HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNAs. Furthermore, heterologous RNA copackaging can be promoted by mutating the 6-nucleotide (6-nt) dimer initiation signal (DIS) to discourage RNA homodimerization or to encourage RNA heterodimerization, indicating that HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA can heterodimerize prior to packaging using the DIS sequences. We also observed that the coassembly of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Gag proteins is not required for the heterologous RNA copackaging; HIV-1 Gag proteins are capable of mediating HIV-1 and HIV-2 RNA copackaging. These results define the cis- and trans-acting elements required for and affecting the heterologous RNA copackaging, a prerequisite for the generation of chimeric viruses by recombination, and also shed light on the mechanisms of RNA-Gag recognition essential for RNA encapsidation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.