Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21847114›Full record

ArticleMolecular systems biology2011

Oncogenic K-Ras decouples glucose and glutamine metabolism to support cancer cell growth.

Daniela Gaglio, Christian M Metallo, Paulo A Gameiro, Karsten Hiller, Lara Sala Danna, Chiara Balestrieri, Lilia Alberghina, Gregory Stephanopoulos, Ferdinando Chiaradonna

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular systems biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 314 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
314citing papers in PubMed
9.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

314 citing papers in PubMed, 481 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  8. Lactate, a Spearhead of Cancer Aggressiveness: Metabolic Reprogramming, Immune Suppression, and Metastatic Progression.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Recent Anti-KRASCancers · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

254 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Daniela GaglioDepartment of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Christian M Metallo
Paulo A Gameiro
Karsten Hiller
Lara Sala Danna
Chiara Balestrieri
Lilia Alberghina
Gregory Stephanopoulos
Ferdinando Chiaradonna
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · USUniversity of Milano-Bicocca · IT

Funding

Hypoxia-induced Metabolic Changes in CancerR01CA160458 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ILIOPOULOS, OTHON, STEPHANOPOULOS, GREGORY · 2012 to 2016
$1.6M
Elucidating modulators of hepatic metabolism by quantitative flux analysisR01DK075850 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI STEPHANOPOULOS, GREGORY · 2006 to 2010
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA160458NIDDK NIH HHS 1R01 DK075850-01NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK075850
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oncogenes such as K-ras mediate cellular and metabolic transformation during tumorigenesis. To analyze K-Ras-dependent metabolic alterations, we employed ¹³C metabolic flux analysis (MFA), non-targeted tracer fate detection (NTFD) of ¹⁵N-labeled glutamine, and transcriptomic profiling in mouse fibroblast and human carcinoma cell lines. Stable isotope-labeled glucose and glutamine tracers and computational determination of intracellular fluxes indicated that cells expressing oncogenic K-Ras exhibited enhanced glycolytic activity, decreased oxidative flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and increased utilization of glutamine for anabolic synthesis. Surprisingly, a non-canonical labeling of TCA cycle-associated metabolites was detected in both transformed cell lines. Transcriptional profiling detected elevated expression of several genes associated with glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis upon transformation with oncogenic K-Ras. Chemical perturbation of enzymes along these pathways further supports the decoupling of glycolysis and TCA metabolism, with glutamine supplying increased carbon to drive the TCA cycle. These results provide evidence for a role of oncogenic K-Ras in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.

Indexed as

Citric Acid CycleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGlycolysisProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)AnimalsCell Line, TransformedCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCell Transformation, NeoplasticFibroblastsFlow CytometryGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryGene Expression ProfilingGlucoseGlutamineHumansGlucoseGlutamineProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

Identifiers

PMID21847114
PMCPMC3202795
OpenAlexW2141517721

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.