ArticleJAMA2011
Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women.
Article in JAMA, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 520 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
520 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-population GWAS meta-analysis identifies bladder cancer susceptibility loci and highlights genetic regulation of smoking-related risk.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking and bladder cancer: insights into pathogenesis and public health implications from a bibliometric analysis (1999-2023).Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Pooled it
- Unmasking the Metabolite Signature of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Passive smoking and risk of pancreatic cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of sex on outcomes after surgery for non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of urology · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors, incidence, and outcomes of bladder and ureteral cancer in lung transplant recipients: A single-center cohort study.JHLT open · 2026Article
- Risk of second primary malignancies after bladder cancer diagnosed at a young age: a SEER population-based analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy as a Bladder-Sparing Alternative to BCG in the Management of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of Oncological Outcomes in the Era of BCG Shortage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a nationwide evaluation.World journal of urology · 2026Observational
- Cigarette smoke induces FASN-dependent fatty acid metabolic rewiring to drive bladder cancer progression.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Integrating clinically actionable biomarkers into bladder cancer care - recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug initiation and subsequent bladder cancer evaluation.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic significance of squamous differentiation in pT2N0 urothelial bladder cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Interplay between CDH1 polymorphisms, haplotypes, and genomic repetitive elements in urothelial bladder cancer prognosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Real-world outcomes of second-line pembrolizumab in urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter analysis from the Campania Oncological Network (ROC).BMC cancer · 2026Article
- HSP90β as a potential prognostic biomarker in urothelial carcinoma: insights from NF-κB, IL-8, and heat-shock protein expression.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Whole exome sequencing identifies somatically mutated genes in bladder cancer: A pilot study from Bangladesh.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Perioperative Treatment Patterns for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy in the Adjuvant Immunotherapy Era: A Retrospective Analysis of US Community Oncology Practice.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- Association between prognostic nutritional index (PNI)/Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- TRIM29 is Critical for Bladder Cancer Progression and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Niche.Research square · 2026Article
460 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextPrevious studies indicate that the population attributable risk (PAR) of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50% to 65% in men and 20% to 30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking. During the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States in men (123.8 per 100,000 person-years to 142.2 per 100,000 person-years) and women (32.5 per 100,000 person-years to 33.2 per 100,000 person-years); however, changing smoking prevalence and cigarette composition warrant revisiting risk estimates for smoking and bladder cancer.
objectiveTo evaluate the association between tobacco smoking and bladder cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsMen (n = 281,394) and women (n = 186,134) of the National Institutes of Health-AARP (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study cohort completed a lifestyle questionnaire and were followed up between October 25, 1995, and December 31, 2006. Previous prospective cohort studies of smoking and incident bladder cancer were identified by systematic review and relative risks were estimated from fixed-effects models with heterogeneity assessed by the I(2) statistic.
main outcome measuresHazard ratios (HRs), PARs, and number needed to harm (NNH).
resultsDuring 4,518,941 person-years of follow-up, incident bladder cancer occurred in 3896 men (144.0 per 100,000 person-years) and 627 women (34.5 per 100,000 person-years). Former smokers (119.8 per 100,000 person-years; HR, 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03-2.44; NNH, 1250) and current smokers (177.3 per 100,000 person-years; HR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.66-4.50; NNH, 727) had higher risks of bladder cancer than never smokers (39.8 per 100,000 person-years). In contrast, the summary risk estimate for current smoking in 7 previous studies (initiated between 1963 and 1987) was 2.94 (95% CI, 2.45-3.54; I(2) = 0.0%). The PAR for ever smoking in our study was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.45-0.54) in men and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.45-0.59) in women.
conclusionCompared with a pooled estimate of US data from cohorts initiated between 1963 and 1987, relative risks for smoking in the more recent NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort were higher, with PARs for women comparable with those for men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.