ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2011
Immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of leflunomide in dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sequential macrophage DENV and ZIKV infection shows differential expression of CD86, IFN-β, and regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β depending on DENV serotype.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Machine learning and molecular docking prediction of potential inhibitors against dengue virus.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Article
- Impact of disease-modifying therapy on dendritic cells and exploring their immunotherapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- CCL19 enhances CD8Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- The anti-viral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: Lessons from COVID-19.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Review
- CCL19 and CCR7 Expression, Signaling Pathways, and Adjuvant Functions in Viral Infection and Prevention.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDengue virus (DENV) infection is a serious public health issue without specific treatment. We examined the potential immunomodulatory effects of leflunomide, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor commonly prescribed for arthritis, in DENV-stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs).
methodsmo-DCs were prepared from purified monocytes. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of cell surface markers or viral E protein was measured by flow cytometry. The activation of transcription factors and kinases was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blotting, or immunoprecipitation kinase assays. Chemotaxis assays were used to determine cell migration.
resultsLeflunomide at therapeutic concentrations inhibited cytokine and chemokine production from DENV-infected mo-DCs. Leflunomide suppressed mo-DC maturation by downregulating the expression of both CD80 and CD86. In addition, leflunomide inhibited DENV-induced mo-DC migration and mo-DC response to chemoattractants CCL19 and CCL21. Inhibition of mo-DC migration was likely due to the suppression of CCR7 expression on mo-DCs. These events were associated with the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1 signaling pathways by leflunomide.
conclusionsLeflunomide preserves immunosuppressive effects, inhibiting activation of DENV-stimulated mo-DCs. Leflunomide may be helpful in the development of therapeutics for DENV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.