ArticleJournal of addiction medicine2011
The source of methadone in overdose deaths in Western Virginia in 2004.
Article in Journal of addiction medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of increased opioid-related mortality in the United States and Canada, 1990-2013: a systematic review.American journal of public health · 2014Pooled it
- Concordance between controlled substance receipt and post-mortem toxicology in opioid-detected overdose deaths: A statewide analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- American Indian and Non-Hispanic White Midlife Mortality Is Associated With Medicaid Spending: An Oklahoma Ecological Study (1999-2016).Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Prescription Opioids Are Associated With Population Mortality in US Deep South Middle-Age Non-hispanic Whites: An Ecological Time Series Study.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Sociodemographic factors, prescription history and opioid overdose deaths: a statewide analysis using linked PDMP and mortality data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Observational
- Factors associated with illicit methadone injecting in a Canadian setting.The American journal on addictions · 2015Article
- The Contribution of Prescribed and Illicit Opioids to Fatal Overdoses in Massachusetts, 2013-2015.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMethadone-related overdose deaths increased in the United States by 468% from 1999 to 2005. Current studies associate the nonmedical use of methadone with methadone-related deaths. This study describes medical examiner cases in rural Virginia in 2004 with methadone identified by toxicology and compares cases according to source of methadone.
methodsIn 2004, all intentional and unintentional poisoning deaths from the Office of The Chief Medical Examiner, Western District of Virginia, were reviewed to identify cases in which methadone was a direct or contributing cause of death. The Virginia Prescription Monitoring Program was reviewed for prescription opioids in the name of these identified decedents. Decedent participation in local opioid treatment programs (OTP) was also assessed.
resultsThe source of methadone in the 61 methadone-related overdose deaths was mostly nonprescribed (67%), although 28% of decedents were prescribed methadone for analgesia. Only 5% of decedents were actively enrolled in an OTP. The majority of deaths were attributed to polysubstance overdose.
conclusionsThe majority of methadone overdose deaths in this study were related to illicit methadone use, rather than prescribed or OTP uses. Interventions to decrease methadone-related deaths should focus on reduction of nonprescription use of methadone.
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