Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21844811›Full record

ArticleGenetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics2011

An evidence-based approach to establish the functional and clinical significance of copy number variants in intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Erin B Kaminsky, Vineith Kaul, Justin Paschall, Deanna M Church, Brian Bunke, Dawn Kunig, Daniel Moreno-De-Luca, Andres Moreno-De-Luca, Jennifer G Mulle, Stephen T Warren and 24 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
238citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

238 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. An updated catalog ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023
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  15. ComplexFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026
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  17. Inhibitory Neurons Marked by the Connectivity Molecule Kirrel3 Regulate Memory Precision.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Erin B KaminskyDepartment of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Vineith Kaul
Justin Paschall
Deanna M Church
Brian Bunke
Dawn Kunig
Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
Andres Moreno-De-Luca
Jennifer G Mulle
Stephen T Warren
Gabriele Richard
John G Compton
Amy E Fuller
Troy J Gliem
Shuwen Huang
Morag N Collinson
Sarah J Beal
Todd Ackley
Diane L Pickering
Denae M Golden
Emily Aston
Heidi Whitby
Shashirekha Shetty
Michael R Rossi
M Katharine Rudd
Sarah T South
Arthur R Brothman
Warren G Sanger
Ramaswamy K Iyer
John A Crolla
Erik C Thorland
Swaroop Aradhya
David H Ledbetter
Christa L Martin

Funding

GENE DOSAGE IMBALANCE IN NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERSR01MH074090 · NIMH · GEISINGER CLINIC · PI David H. Ledbetter, CHRISTA LESE MARTIN · 2005 to 2026
$13.5M
CNV Atlas of Human DevelopmentRC2HD064525 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LEDBETTER, DAVID H., WAPNER, RONALD · 2009 to 2010
$3.4M
Schizophrenia susceptibility by copy number variation in the AshkenazimR01MH080129 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI WARREN, STEPHEN T. · 2007 to 2011
$3.4M
Bipolar I susceptibility by copy number variation in an isolated populationR01MH083722 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI WARREN, STEPHEN T. · 2008 to 2011
$2.8M
Mechanism of subtelomeric breaksR01MH092902 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RUDD, MARY KATHARINE · 2010 to 2013
$1.6M
Intramural NIH HHSNICHD NIH HHS HD064525NICHD NIH HHS RC2 HD064525NIMH NIH HHS MH074090NIMH NIH HHS MH080129NIMH NIH HHS MH083722NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074090NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH080129NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH083722NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH092902
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCopy number variants have emerged as a major cause of human disease such as autism and intellectual disabilities. Because copy number variants are common in normal individuals, determining the functional and clinical significance of rare copy number variants in patients remains challenging. The adoption of whole-genome chromosomal microarray analysis as a first-tier diagnostic test for individuals with unexplained developmental disabilities provides a unique opportunity to obtain large copy number variant datasets generated through routine patient care.

methodsA consortium of diagnostic laboratories was established (the International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays consortium) to share copy number variant and phenotypic data in a central, public database. We present the largest copy number variant case-control study to date comprising 15,749 International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays cases and 10,118 published controls, focusing our initial analysis on recurrent deletions and duplications involving 14 copy number variant regions.

resultsCompared with controls, 14 deletions and seven duplications were significantly overrepresented in cases, providing a clinical diagnosis as pathogenic.

conclusionGiven the rapid expansion of clinical chromosomal microarray analysis testing, very large datasets will be available to determine the functional significance of increasingly rare copy number variants. This data will provide an evidence-based guide to clinicians across many disciplines involved in the diagnosis, management, and care of these patients and their families.

Indexed as

DNA Copy Number VariationsCytogenetic AnalysisDevelopmental DisabilitiesEvidence-Based MedicineGene DosageGenome, HumanHumansIntellectual Disability

Identifiers

PMID21844811
PMCPMC3661946

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.