ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2011
Bacterial vaginosis and risk for Trichomonas vaginalis infection: a longitudinal analysis.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Vaginal Microbiota, Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review in the Latina Population.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Randomized Trial of Periodic Presumptive Treatment With High-Dose Intravaginal Metronidazole and Miconazole to Prevent Vaginal Infections in HIV-negative Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Bacterial vaginosis and the risk of trichomonas vaginalis acquisition among HIV-1-negative women.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2014Trial
- Interactions between bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiota and Trichomonas vaginalis modulate parasite-induced pathogenicity and host immune responses.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- TRiCit: A High-Throughput Approach to DetectInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Revisiting fecal metatranscriptomics analyses of macaques with idiopathic chronic diarrhoea with a focus on trichomonad parasites.Parasitology · 2023Article
- The Antibiofilm Role of Biotics Family in Vaginal Fungal Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Bacterial vaginosis and health-associated bacteria modulate the immunometabolic landscape in 3D model of human cervix.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
- Article
- Impact of Symbiosis BetweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Hormonal Contraception and Vaginal Infections Among Couples Who Are Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serodiscordant in Lusaka, Zambia.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Cooperative Interactions betweenInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Differential sexual network connectivity offers a parsimonious explanation for population-level variations in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: a data-driven, model-supported hypothesis.BMC women's health · 2019Article
- A Study ofJournal of parasitology research · 2019Article
- The murine vaginal microbiota and its perturbation by the human pathogen group B Streptococcus.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Higher vaginal pH in Trichomonas vaginalis infection with intermediate Nugent score in reproductive-age women-a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Odisha, India.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- It's the network, stupid: a population's sexual network connectivity determines its STI prevalence.F1000Research · 2018Article
- Self-taken vaginal swabs versus clinician-taken for detection of candida and bacterial vaginosis: a case-control study in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) have been estimated to affect one-quarter to one-third of sexually active women worldwide, and are often found concurrently. Few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally to better understand the direction and temporality of this association.
methodsBetween 2005 and 2006, a cohort of 853 young, sexually active women was followed in Mysore, India; participants were interviewed and tested for BV and TV at baseline, and at 3- and 6-month visit. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate how changes in vaginal flora between consecutive visits-as defined by Nugent diagnostic criteria for BV-were related to the risk of TV infection at the latter visit, adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Treatment was offered to women with TV and/or symptomatic BV.
resultsAfter adjustment for covariates, participants with abnormal vaginal flora at 2 consecutive visits had 9 times higher risk of TV (95% CI: 4.1, 20.0) at the latter visit, relative to those with persistently normal flora. An increased risk of TV was also observed for participants whose flora status changed from normal to abnormal (adjusted risk ratio: 7.11, 95% CI: 2.8, 18.2) and from abnormal to normal (adjusted risk ratio: 4.50, 95% CI: 1.7, 11.8).
conclusionsWomen experiencing abnormal flora during a 3-month span appear to have significantly increased risk of acquiring TV infection. Women of reproductive age in low-resource settings found to have abnormal vaginal flora should be assessed for TV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.