ReviewJournal of electron microscopy2011
The origins and evolution of freeze-etch electron microscopy.
Review in Journal of electron microscopy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Guanine storage vacuoles sequester guanine crystals and serve as nitrogen reserves inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Breaking the ice - simplified freeze-fracture of parasitic protists: a cost-effective approach without highly specialised equipment.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Visualization of peptidoglycan layer isolated from gliding diderm bacteria,Biophysics and physicobiology · 2025Article
- Visualization of Bacillus subtilis spore structure and germination using quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy.Microscopy (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Molecular cartography within axons.Current opinion in cell biology · 2024Review
- A conserved pressure-driven mechanism for regulating cytosolic osmolarity.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- A conserved pressure-driven mechanism for regulating cytosolic osmolarity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Discovery of sex in an extremophilic red alga.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Isolation and structure of the fibril protein, a major component of the internal ribbon forFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A Pictorial History of the Neuronal Cytoskeleton.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Quick-Freeze, Deep-Etch Electron Microscopy Reveals the Characteristic Architecture of the Fission Yeast Spore.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Fission Yeast RNA-Binding Protein Meu5 Is Involved in Outer Forespore Membrane Breakdown during Spore Formation.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Multilamellar and Multivesicular Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by a Buttiauxella agrestisApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Looking back and looking forward: contributions of electron microscopy to the structural cell biology of gametes and fertilization.Open biology · 2020Review
- Charting the native architecture ofeLife · 2020Article
- Polyphosphate: A Multifunctional Metabolite in Cyanobacteria and Algae.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
- Elastic fiber ultrastructure and assembly.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2019Review
- Application of spherical substrate to observe bacterial motility machineries by Quick-Freeze-Replica Electron Microscopy.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The introduction of the Balzers freeze-fracture machine by Moor in 1961 had a much greater impact on the advancement of electron microscopy than he could have imagined. Devised originally to circumvent the dangers of classical thin-section techniques, as well as to provide unique en face views of cell membranes, freeze-fracturing proved to be crucial for developing modern concepts of how biological membranes are organized and proved that membranes are bilayers of lipids within which proteins float and self-assemble. Later, when freeze-fracturing was combined with methods for freezing cells that avoided the fixation and cryoprotection steps that Moor still had to use to prepare the samples for his original invention, it became a means for capturing membrane dynamics on the millisecond time-scale, thus allowing a deeper understanding of the functions of biological membranes in living cells as well as their static ultrastructure. Finally, the realization that unfixed, non-cryoprotected samples could be deeply vacuum-etched or even freeze-dried after freeze-fracturing opened up a whole new way to image all the other molecular components of cells besides their membranes and also provided a powerful means to image the interactions of all the cytoplasmic components with the various membranes of the cell. The purpose of this review is to outline the history of these technical developments, to describe how they are being used in electron microscopy today and to suggest how they can be improved in order to further their utility for biological electron microscopy in the future.
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Registered trials
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