ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011
CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides directly costimulate mouse and human CD4+ T cells through a TLR9- and MyD88-independent mechanism.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR9 Inhibition Shortly After Mating Increases Fetal Resorption and Alters B- and T-Cell Costimulatory Phenotypes in an Abortion-Prone Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Effects of Endosomal Toll-like Receptor Inhibitors in an EBV DNA-Exacerbated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mouse Model.Viruses · 2024Article
- Tirap controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosomal acidification.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- TLR9 signalling activation via direct ligation and its functional consequences in CD4 + T cells.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Cell-free DNA maps COVID-19 tissue injury and risk of death and can cause tissue injury.JCI insight · 2021Article
- CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Pulmonary mucosal immunity mediated through CpG provides adequate protection against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the mouse model. A role for type I interferon.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2020Article
- Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Enhancement of Interleukin-17A Production Triggered by Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Mice.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- DNA threads released by activated CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- DNA prime-protein boost vaccine encoding HLA-A2, HLA-A24 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes of CaNA2 against visceral leishmaniasis.Immunology · 2019Article
- Diminished TLR2-TLR9 mediated CD4+ T cell responses are associated with increased inflammation in intraocular tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- FcγRIIIa Signaling Modulates Endosomal TLR Responses in Human CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases.BMC immunology · 2017Review
- Human CD4(+) T-Cells: A Role for Low-Affinity Fc Receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors predicts HPV16 clearance associated with an E6-directed cell-mediated response.International journal of cancer · 2015Article
- Direct Toll-Like Receptor 8 signaling increases the functional avidity of human CD8+ T lymphocytes generated for adoptive T cell therapy strategies.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2015Article
- Article
- Non-CpG Oligonucleotides Exert Adjuvant Effects by Enhancing Cognate B Cell-T Cell Interactions, Leading to B Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Isotype Switching.Journal of immunology research · 2015Article
- Phosphorothioate-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells independent of TLR9.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2014Article
- Immunomodulation by gut microbiota: role of Toll-like receptor expressed by T cells.Journal of immunology research · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TLR ligands are known to activate APCs, but direct T cell responsiveness to TLR ligands is controversial. Because of their clinical relevance, we performed in-depth studies of the effects of the TLR9-associated ligands, oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), on highly purified T lymphocytes. Both CpG and non-CpG ODNs directly costimulate mouse and human CD4(+) T cells, resulting in activation marker upregulation, cytokine secretion, elevated TCR phosphorylation, and proliferation. Surprisingly, ODN costimulation occurred independently of TLR9 and MyD88, as well as ICOS, CD28, and TRIF. TLR9-antagonist ODNs likewise promoted T cell activation, which has important implications for the study of these "inhibitory" ODNs in inflammatory diseases. Cytokine profiling revealed that ODNs promote polarization of distinct Th subsets, and that ODNs differentially affect human naive and memory T cells. Our studies reveal a striking and unexpected ability of ODNs to directly activate and polarize T cells, presenting an opportunity to enhance the paradigm for selection of therapeutic ODNs in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.