ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Differential alteration of two aminopeptidases N associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in cabbage looper.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- A second locus associated with high-level resistance to Bt Cry1Ac inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Interactions between insecticidal cry toxins and their receptors.Current genetics · 2025Review
- Article
- Downregulation of APN1 andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests toToxins · 2024Review
- CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase or cadherin does not confer resistance to Cry toxins in Aedes aegypti.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- A chromosome-level genome assembly of the soybean pod borer: insights into larval transcriptional response to transgenic soybean expressing the pesticidal Cry1Ac protein.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Cry1Ac toxin binding in the velvetbean caterpillarFrontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Downregulation of a transcription factor associated with resistance to Bt toxin Vip3Aa in the invasive fall armyworm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Novel insights into plant defensin ingestion induced metabolic responses in the polyphagous insect pest Helicoverpa armigera.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Enthralling genetic regulatory mechanisms meddling insecticide resistance development in insects: role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional events.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Resistance of Cabbage Loopers to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Toxin Cry1F and to Dual-Bt Toxin WideStrike Cotton Plants.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Protoxin and Activated Toxin Exert Differential Toxicity Due to a Synergistic Interplay of Cadherin with ABCC Transporters in the Cotton Bollworm.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- A versatile contribution of both aminopeptidases N and ABC transporters to Bt Cry1Ac toxicity in the diamondback moth.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Knockout of the ABCB1 Gene Increases Susceptibility to Emamectin Benzoate, Beta-Cypermethrin and Chlorantraniliprole inInsects · 2022Article
- Knockout of ABC TransporterToxins · 2022Article
- A Novel Reference for Bt-Resistance Mechanism inInsects · 2021Article
- Cadherin Protein Is Involved in the Action ofToxins · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most successfully used biopesticide in agriculture, and its insecticidal protein genes are the primary transgenes used for insect control in transgenic crops. However, evolution of insect resistance to Bt toxins threatens the long-term future of Bt applications. To date, cases of resistance to Bt toxins have been reported in agricultural situations in six insect species, but the molecular basis for these cases of resistance remains unclear. Here we report that the resistance to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, evolved in greenhouses, is associated with differential alteration of two midgut aminopeptidases N, APN1 and APN6, conferred by a trans-regulatory mechanism. Biochemical, proteomic, and molecular analyses showed that in the Cry1Ac-resistant T. ni, APN1 was significantly down-regulated, whereas APN6 was significantly up-regulated. The Cry1Ac resistance was correlated with down-regulation of APN1 but not with the up-regulation of APN6. The concurrent up-regulation of APN6 and down-regulation of APN1 might play a role in compensating for the loss of APN1 to minimize the fitness costs of the resistance. Along with identifying reduced expression of APN1 as the molecular basis of Bt resistance selected in an agricultural setting, our findings demonstrate the importance of APN1 to the mode of action of Bt toxin Cry1Ac.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.