ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2011
HIV-1 RNA rectal shedding is reduced in men with low plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads and is not enhanced by sexually transmitted bacterial infections of the rectum.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous antiretroviral drug distribution and HIV/SHIV detection in the gut of three species.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Anogenital HIV RNA in Thai men who have sex with men in Bangkok during acute HIV infection and after randomization to standard vs. intensified antiretroviral regimens.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Trial
- Impact of Switching to Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine on Rectal HIV-1 RNA Shedding and Implications for Transmission Risk.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- High-fat diet feeding exacerbates HIV-1 rectal transmission.mSystems · 2024Article
- Anatomic Site-Specific Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing and Incidence Among People With HIV Engaged in Care at 4 US Clinical Centers, 2014-2018.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment and prevention: the biologic basis for epidemiologic synergy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Review
- HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and HIV RNA levels in blood and anogenital compartments among Thai men who have sex with men before and after antiretroviral therapy: implication for Treatment as Prevention programme.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- A Macaque Model for Rectal Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Non-Lymphogranuloma Venereum Chlamydia trachomatis: Impact on Rectal Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2017Article
- HIV Persistence in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues: Pharmacological Challenges and Opportunities.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Review
- Syphilis on the rise: A prolonged syphilis outbreak among HIV-infected patients in Northern Greece.Germs · 2016Article
- Sexual behaviour among people with HIV according to self-reported antiretroviral treatment and viral load status.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- HIV treatment as prevention in men who have sex with men: examining the evidence.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2016Review
- Dispersion of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Netherlands: A Combined Mathematical Model and Phylogenetic Analysis.PLoS medicine · 2015Observational
- A Cross Sectional Analysis of Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections among Men-Who-Have-Sex-with-Men in Cape Town, South Africa.PloS one · 2015Article
- Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in genital secretions and anatomic sites of HIV transmission: implications for HIV prevention.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2014Review
- Incorporating couples-based approaches into HIV prevention for gay and bisexual men: opportunities and challenges.Archives of sexual behavior · 2014Article
- Modelling the impact of chlamydia screening on the transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Overcoming biological, behavioral, and structural vulnerabilities: new directions in research to decrease HIV transmission in men who have sex with men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- HIV, rectal chlamydia, and rectal gonorrhea in men who have sex with men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in a midwestern US city.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the impact of rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on rectal HIV-1 shedding is unknown.
methodsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was quantified from rectal swabs collected for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening of HIV-1-infected MSM. Correlations of STIs with rectal viral load were explored using multinomial regression modeling. HIV-1 coreceptor tropism was predicted from sequencing in a subset of men.
resultsThirty-one (39%) of 80 men (59 prescribed combination antiretroviral therapy [cART]) had HIV detected in 38 (42%) of 91 rectal swabs. Rectal HIV detection was associated with plasma virus loads above 3.15 log₁₀ copies/mL (95% confidence limit [CL] 2.73, 3.55) and paired rectal viral loads and plasma viral loads were correlated (Kendall's tau [τ] 0.68, Spearman rho [P] = .77). Rectal STIs and abnormal anal cytology were not associated with rectal viral load. HIV coreceptor distribution was very similar between the plasma and rectum in 3 of 4 men.
conclusionsPlasma and rectal viral load were correlated, and rectal STIs did not increase the likelihood of detecting HIV in the rectal secretions in MSM, including those with low or undetectable plasma viral load. Suppressing plasma viral load is likely to reduce risk of HIV transmission to insertive partners.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.