ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2011
Amplification, mutation, and sequencing of a six-letter synthetic genetic system.
Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toward Expanded Genetic Alphabets: Insights into Functionalized Ds-Px Unnatural Base Pairs.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- Structural basis of transcription of the hachimoji eight-letter alphabet by E. coli RNA polymerase.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Quantifying replication fidelity of unnatural base pairs using nanopore sequencing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Recognition of non-standard base pairs by triplex-forming oligonucleotides containing an expanded genetic alphabet.Nature communications · 2026Article
- High-Affinity Six-Letter DNA XenoAptamer Generation by Genetic Alphabet Expansion.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Recognition of Non-standard Base Pairs by Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides Containing an Expanded Genetic Alphabet.Research square · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in non-canonical nucleic acids data storage.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Engineering and Assay of Enzymes for Expanded Genetic Alphabet Replication.Biochemistry · 2025Article
- Structure-informed models for ionic current prediction in nanopore sequencing of expanded dna alphabets.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Sequencing a DNA analog composed of artificial bases.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Direct high-throughput deconvolution of non-canonical bases via nanopore sequencing and bootstrapped learning.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cancer cell target discovery: comparing laboratory evolution of expanded DNA six-nucleotide alphabets with standard four-nucleotide alphabets.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Nucleic acid joining enzymes: biological functions and synthetic applications beyond DNA.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Joining Natural and Synthetic DNA Using Biversal Nucleotides: Efficient Sequencing of Six-Nucleotide DNA.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- A folding motif formed with an expanded genetic alphabet.Nature chemistry · 2024Article
- Investigation of the Nonradiative Photoprocesses of Unnatural DNA Base: 7-(2-Thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2024Article
- Cracking the Code: Reprogramming the Genetic Script in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes to Harness the Power of Noncanonical Amino Acids.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Enzyme-assisted high throughput sequencing of an expanded genetic alphabet at single base resolution.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Detecting Hachimoji DNA: An Eight-Building-Block Genetic System with MoSACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Building Synthetic Cells─From the Technology Infrastructure to Cellular Entities.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Review
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The next goals in the development of a synthetic biology that uses artificial genetic systems will require chemistry-biology combinations that allow the amplification of DNA containing any number of sequential and nonsequential nonstandard nucleotides. This amplification must ensure that the nonstandard nucleotides are not unidirectionally lost during PCR amplification (unidirectional loss would cause the artificial system to revert to an all-natural genetic system). Further, technology is needed to sequence artificial genetic DNA molecules. The work reported here meets all three of these goals for a six-letter artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS) that comprises four standard nucleotides (G, A, C, and T) and two additional nonstandard nucleotides (Z and P). We report polymerases and PCR conditions that amplify a wide range of GACTZP DNA sequences having multiple consecutive unnatural synthetic genetic components with low (0.2% per theoretical cycle) levels of mutation. We demonstrate that residual mutation processes both introduce and remove unnatural nucleotides, allowing the artificial genetic system to evolve as such, rather than revert to a wholly natural system. We then show that mechanisms for these residual mutation processes can be exploited in a strategy to sequence "six-letter" GACTZP DNA. These are all not yet reported for any other synthetic genetic system.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.