ReviewGastroenterology2011
Transforming growth factor-β in the gastrointestinal and hepatic tumor microenvironment.
Review in Gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Activation Status of the TGF-β Transducer Smad2 Is Associated with a Reduced Survival in Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of calcium and vitamin D3 on transforming growth factors in rectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients: a randomized controlled trial.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2015Trial
- AdipoR1-AMPK axis suppresses breast cancer across molecular subtypes via multimodal cell death pathways, including ferroptosis and apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- The Role of EBV Infection and Epigenetic Factors in Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- POU6F2 promotes liver metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma by dual mechanism of transcriptional upregulation of SNAI1 and IGF2/PI3K/AKT signaling-induced conversion of hepatic stellate cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Cancer pain: molecular mechanisms and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Integrated molecular and microenvironmental drivers of drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers: mechanisms, immunotherapy challenges, and precision strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Correlating Ultrastructural Changes in the Invasion Area of Colorectal Cancer with CT and MRI Imaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- B4GALT1-dependent galectin-8 binding with TGF-β receptor suppresses colorectal cancer progression and metastasis.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Review
- TGF-β1 induces PD-1 expression in macrophages through SMAD3/STAT3 cooperative signaling in chronic inflammation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Therapy-Induced Cytokine Responses: Illuminating New Pathways in Cancer Precision Medicine.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: past, present, and future.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- circEIF3I facilitates the recruitment of SMAD3 to early endosomes to promote TGF-β signalling pathway-mediated activation of MMPs in pancreatic cancer.Molecular cancer · 2023Article
- Research Progress on the Role and Mechanism of IL-37 in Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2023Article
- Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article).Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Synchronous manifestation of colorectal cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Molecular and Clinical Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with HBV-HDV Infection.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Review
- Aspirin attenuates liver fibrosis by suppressing TGF‑β1/Smad signaling.Molecular medicine reports · 2022Article
- The dawn of precision medicine in diffuse-type gastric cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine that has important roles in tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. TGF-β is overproduced, and its signaling is deregulated, in a variety of human tumors, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and liver. Therapeutics are being developed to block TGF-β signaling. However, TGF-β also functions as a tumor suppressor in premalignant cells. It is not clear how its function changes from that of a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter; improvements are needed in our understanding of TGF-β functions in tumor development before we can design inhibitors for use as anticancer therapies. TGF-β regulates not only different tumor-cell autonomous signaling pathways, but also interactions between tumor and host cells, through paracrine mechanisms. We review recent findings about how TGF-β is regulated and its roles in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis, with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers. Improved understanding of TGF-β regulation and how it mediates interaction between cancer epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts will provide important insights into tumor development and progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.