ArticleBMC research notes2011
Association of CD99 short and long forms with MHC class I, MHC class II and tetraspanin CD81 and recruitment into immunological synapses.
Article in BMC research notes, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial transcriptomics unveils the in situ cellular and molecular hallmarks of the lung in fatal COVID-19.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrated spatial and single-cell transcriptomics uncover IFI6⁺ regulatory T-cells and SPP1⁺ macrophages immunosuppressive niches in colorectal cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Proteomics analysis of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell sarcomagenesis model identifies ALDH1A3 and CD99 as potential targets in the transformation process.BMC biology · 2026Article
- CD99-mediated immunological synapse formation potentiates CAR-T cell function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CD99: A Key Regulator in Immune Response and Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Sex- and species-specific contribution of CD99 to T cell costimulation during multiple sclerosis.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Article
- CD99 tumor associated antigen is a potential target for antibody therapy of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- The presence of membrane bound CD99 ligands on leukocyte surface.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- Interaction of CD99 and its ligand upregulates IL-6 and TNF-α upon T cell activation.PloS one · 2019Article
- Review
- CD99 at the crossroads of physiology and pathology.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2018Review
- Ligation of Na, K ATPase β3 subunit on monocytes by a specific monoclonal antibody mediates T cell hypofunction.PloS one · 2018Article
- CD151 Expression Is Associated with a Hyperproliferative T Cell Phenotype.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- CD99 regulates neural differentiation of Ewing sarcoma cells through miR-34a-Notch-mediated control of NF-κB signaling.Oncogene · 2016Article
- CD99 is upregulated in placenta and astrocytomas with a differential subcellular distribution according to the malignancy stage.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Article
- Interaction of CD99 with its paralog CD99L2 positively regulates CD99L2 trafficking to cell surfaces.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Elucidating molecular networks that either affect or respond to plasma cortisol concentration in target tissues of liver and muscle.Genetics · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCD99, a leukocyte surface glycoprotein, is broadly expressed in many cell types. On the cell surface, CD99 is expressed as two distinct isoforms, a long form and a short form. CD99 has been demonstrated to play a key role in several biological processes, including the regulation of T cell activation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CD99 participates in such processes are unclear. As CD99 contains a short cytoplasmic tail, it is unlikely that CD99 itself takes part in its multi-functions. Association of CD99 with other membrane proteins has been suggested to be necessary for exerting its functions.
resultsIn this study, we analyzed the association of CD99 with other cell surface molecules involved in T cell activation. We demonstrate the association of MHC class I, MHC class II and tetraspanin CD81 with CD99 molecules on the cell surface. Association of CD99 with its partners was observed for both isoforms. In addition, we determined that CD99 is a lipid raft-associated membrane protein and is recruited into the immunologic synapse during T cell activation. The implication of CD99 on T cell activation was investigated. Inhibition of anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation by an anti-CD99 monoclonal antibody was observed.
conclusionsWe provide evidence that CD99 directly interact and form the complex with the MHC class I and II, and tetraspanin CD81, and is functionally linked to the formation of the immunologic synapse. Upon T cell activation, CD99 engagement can inhibit T cell proliferation. We speculate that the CD99-MHC-CD81 complex is a tetraspanin web that plays an important role in T cell activation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.